Ash-flow tuff, lava flows, pumice-lapilli tuff, coarse pumicite, flow breccia, and domal complexes of rhyolitic, rhyodacitic, and dacitic composition; in places includes peralkaline rhyolite and some andesite and andesite breccia. Locally porphyritic with phenocrysts of alkali feldspar, plagioclase, and minor augite, ferro-hedenbergite, hornblende, hypersthene, or biotite. Commonly flow banded; locally glassy. Many of the ash--flow tuffs exhibit flow features and only obscure vitro-clastic textures. In places includes interlayers of silicic volcaniclastic rocks and tuffaceous sedimentary rocks. Includes rhyolite at Owyhee Dam, Jump Creek Rhyolite, and Littlefield Rhyolite, all of Kittleman and others (1965); Dooley Rhyolite Breccia of Gilluly (1937), radiometrically dated at 14.7 +/- 0.4 Ma by potassium-argon methods (Fiebelkorn and others, 1983); resurgent domal masses in McDermitt caldera area; and extensive unnamed flows and ash-flow tuffs in the central and southern part of the Owyhee Upland. Also includes isolated masses of dacitic and rhyodacitic flows, breccia, and ash-flow tuff along eastern slope of Cascade Range that are lapped by flows and sediments of the Madras (or Deschutes) Formation. Potassium-argon ages on rocks in unit from southeast Oregon range from about 13 to 16 Ma; lenses of interbedded tuffaceous sedimentary rocks locally contain a Miocene (Barstovian) vertebrate fauna
CONTINENTAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS-Includes units such as Pansy Lee Conglomerate in Humboldt County, part of Cretaceous(?) and Tertiary rocks of Kleinhampl and Ziony (1967) in northern Nye County, and part of "older clastic rocks" of Tschanz and Pampeyan (1970) in Lincoln County
Sand, gravel, and silt forming flood plains and filling channels of present streams. In places includes talus and slope wash. Locally includes soils containing abundant organic material, and thin peat beds
SHALE, MUDSTONE, SILTSTONE, SANDSTONE, AND CARBONATE ROCK; SPARSE VOLCANIC ROCK (Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic)-Includes Auld Lang Syne Group, Nightingale sequence of Bonham (1969), and Gabbs and Sunrise Formations
CONTINENTAL DEPOSITS OF SILTSTONE, SHALE, CONGLOMERATE, AND LIMESTONE-Includes units such as King Lear Formation in Humboldt County, Newark Canyon Formation in Eureka County, Willow Tank Formation and baseline Sandstone in Clark County
Thin, commonly open-textured (diktytaxitic), subophitic to intergranular olivine basalt flows, intercalated with and grades laterally through palagonite breccia and tuff into tuffaceous sedimentary rocks (unit Ts). In places includes flows of platy olivine andesite or basaltic andesite. Several potassium-argon ages ranging from about 4 to 7 Ma indicate unit is mostly of early Pliocene and late Miocene age. Includes Shumuray Ranch Basalt and Antelope Flat Basalt of Kittleman and others (1965), Grassy Mountain Basalt of Corcoran and others (1962), Drinkwater Basalt of Bowen and others (1963), basalt formerly assigned to Danforth Formation by Piper and others (1939) (see Walker, 1979), Hayes Butte Basalt of Hampton (1964), Pliocene and upper Miocene basalt flows capping and interstratified with the Madras (or Deschutes) Formation, and basalt flows interstratified in the Dalles Formation of Newcomb (1966; 1969)
SILICEOUS AND VOLCANIC ROCKS-Chert, shale, quartzite, greenstone, and minor amounts of limestone. Includes units such as Valmy Formation of north-central Nevada and some rocks mapped as Palmetto Formation in northern part of Esmeralda County and adjacent parts of Mineral and Nye Counties. Locally includes rocks of Silurian and Devonian age.
Semiconsolidated to well-consolidated mostly lacustrine tuffaceous sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, concretionary claystone, conglomerate, pumicite, diatomite, air-fall and water-deposited vitric ash, palagonitic tuff and tuff breccia, and fluvial sandstone and conglomerate. Palagonitic tuff and breccia grade laterally into altered and unaltered basalt flows of unit Tob. In places includes layers of fluvial conglomerate and, in parts of the Deschutes-Umatilla Plateau, extensive deposits of fanglomerate composed mostly of Miocene basalt debris and silt. Also includes thin, welded and nonwelded ash-flow tuffs. Vertebrate and plant fossils indicate rocks of unit are mostly of Clarendonian and Hemphillian (late Miocene and Pliocene) age. Potassium-argon ages on interbedded basalt flows and ash-flow tuffs range from about 4 to 10 Ma. Includes the Drewsey Formation of Shotwell and others (1963); sedimentary parts of the Rattlesnake Formation of Brown and Thayer (1966); an interstratified ash-flow tuff has been radiometrically dated by potassium-argon methods at about 6.6 Ma (see Fiebelkorn and others, 1983); Bully Creek Formation of Kittleman and others (1967); Dalles Formation of Newcomb (1966, 1969); Shutler Formation of Hodge (1932), McKay beds of Hogenson (1964) and Newcomb (1966) (see also Shotwell, 1956); Kern Basin Formation of Corcoran and others (1962); Rome beds of Baldwin (1976); parts of the (now obsolete) Danforth Formation of Piper and others (1939), Idaho Group of Malde and Powers (1962), Thousand Creek Beds of Merriam (1910); the Madras (or Deschutes) Formation, the "Simtustus formation" of Smith (1984), and the Yonna Formation (Newcomb, 1958). In areas west of Cascade crest, includes the Sandy River Mudstone and the Troutdale Formation of Trimble (1963) and the lower Pliocene Helvetia Formation of Schlicker and Deacon (1967)
VOLCANIC FLOWS AND FLOW BRECCIAS, CHIEFLY OF ANDESITIC COMPOSITION, TUFFS, SPARSE SANDSTONE AND GRAYWACKE-Includes Happy Creek Volcanic Series and related rocks in Humboldt County and similar rocks in Washoe and Pershing Counties; includes andesite breccias and volcanogenic sedimentary rocks in Mineral County
LIMESTONE, MINOR AMOUNTS OF DOLOMITE, SHALE, AND SANDSTONE; LOCALLY THICK CONGLOMERATE UNITS (Lower, Middle, and Upper Triassic)-Includes Tobin, Dixie Valley, Favret, Augusta Mountain, and Cane Spring Formations and Star Peak Group in central Nevada and Grantsville and Luning Formations in west-central Nevada
Hornblende and biotite quartz diorite (tonalite), trondhjemite, granodiorite, and small amounts of norite, in batholithic masses and large dikelike bodies. Includes Bald Mountain Tonalite and Anthony Lake Granodiorite of Taubeneck (1957), tonalite and trondhjemite of Wallowa batholith and Cornucopia stock (Taubeneck, 1964; Nolf, 1966), quartz diorite intrusion in the Snake River area (Morrison, 1963), quartz diorite and minor other intrusive rocks in the Caviness quadrangle (Wolff, 1965), quartz diorite northeast of John Day and southeast of Ironside Mountain (Thayer and Brown, 1964), quartz diorite in the Sparta and Durkee quadrangles (Prostka, 1962; 1967), and granodiorite and related rocks of the Pueblo Mountains (Roback and others, 1987). Rubidium-strontium and potassium-argon ages indicate an age range from about 94 to 160 Ma (Taubeneck, 1963; Thayer and Brown, 1964; Armstrong and others, 1976)
Unconsolidated deposits of gravel, cobbles, and boulders intermixed and locally interlayered with clay, silt, and sand. Mostly on terraces and pediments above present flood plains. Includes older alluvium of Smith and others (1982) in the Klamath Mountains and both high- and low-level terraces along Oregon coast. Includes dissected alluvial fan deposits northeast of Lebanon, and Linn and Leffler Gravels of Allison and Felts (1956)
QUARTZITE AND MINOR AMOUNTS OF CONGLOMERATE, PHYLLITIC SILTSTONE, LIMESTONE, AND DOLOMITE-Includes Prospect Mountain Quartzite, Osgood Mountain Quartzite, and Gold Hill Formation in northern Nevada, and Stirling Quartzite, Wood Canyon Formation, and Zabriskie Quartzite in southern Nevada.
SILICEOUS AND VOLCANIC ROCKS-In Humboldt County, consists of altered pillow lavas, coarse volcanic breccias, clastic limestone, and minor amounts of sandstone, shale, siliceous shale, and chert of the Goughs Canyon Formation (Lower and Upper Mississippian). In the East Range, Pershing County, consists of quartzite, conglomerate, slate, limestone, chert, and greenstone of the Inskip Formation (Mississippian?).
Lava flows and breccia of aphyric and plagioclase porphyritic basalt and aphyric andesite; locally includes flow breccia, peperite, some palagonite tuff and breccia, and minor silicic ash-flow tuff and interbeds of tuffaceous sedimentary rocks. In Basin and Range and Owyhee Upland provinces unit grades upward into more silicic, andesitic, and quartz latitic flows and flow breccia, as well as some interbedded tuffs and ash-flow tuffs; also in this region includes aphyric and highly porphyritic, plagioclase-rich basalt. Interfingers with and grades laterally into units Tit and Tts. Commonly contains montmorillonite clays, zeolites, calcite, and secondary silica minerals as alteration products on fractures and in pore spaces. Age, mostly middle Miocene, but includes some rocks of early Miocene age based on vertebrate fossils from related sedimentary units and on potassium-argon ages that range from about 13 Ma to about 19 Ma; most isotopic ages are about 13 to 16 Ma. Includes Steens Basalt (Steens Mountain Basalt of Fuller, 1931) Owyhee Basalt of Corcoran and others (1962) and Kittleman and others (1967), Hunter Creek Basalt and "unnamed igneous complex" of Kittleman and others (1965, 1967), and flows of Prineville chemical type (Uppuluri, 1974; Swanson and others, 1979), which previously were considered part of the Columbia River Basalt Group (Swanson, 1969a)
ANTLER SEQUENCE OF SILBERLING AND ROBERTS (1962) (Middle Pennsylvanian to Early or Late Permian) (Guadalupian)-Conglomerate, sandy to conglomeratic limestone, limestone, sandstone, and calcareous shale. Thin detrital and carbonate sequence within main part of Antler orogenic belt. Includes units such as Sunflower Formation of Bushnell (1967) in Elko County, Battle Formation, Antler Peak Limestone, and Edna Mountain Formation in Lander and western Eureka Counties, and Wildcat Peak Formation in northern Nye County
HAVALLAH SEQUENCE OF SILBERLING AND ROBERTS (1962)-Chert, argillite, shale, greenstone, and minor amounts of siltstone, sandstone, conglomerate, and limestone. Includes Schoonover Formation of Fagan (1962) and Reservation Hill Formation in Elko County, Farrel Canyon Formation in southwestern Humboldt County, Havallah and Pumpernickel Formations in Pershing, Lander, and parts of Humboldt Counties, and rocks originally considered a part of the Pablo and Excelsior Formations in northern Nye, northern Esmeralda, and southern Mineral Counties. Assignment of some rocks to the Havallah sequence in the East Range, Pershing County, is highly uncertain. Includes rocks ranging in age from Late Mississippian to Early Permian
KOIPATO GROUP AND RELATED ROCKS (Lower Triassic)-Altered andesitic flows, rhyolitic tuffs and flows, and clastic rocks. Includes rocks mapped by Silberling (1959) as Pablo Formation and originally considered to be Permian in the Shoshone Mountains, Nye County. Includes Tallman Fanglomerate (Permian?) in Humboldt County
ANDESITE AND BASALT FLOWS-Mostly in about 17 to about 6 m.y. age range. In Humboldt County, locally includes rocks as old as 21 m.y. May include rocks younger than 6 m.y. in places
Thin, commonly open-textured (diktytaxitic), subophitic to intergranular olivine basalt flows, intercalated with and grades laterally through palagonite breccia and tuff into tuffaceous sedimentary rocks (unit Ts). In places includes flows of platy olivine andesite or basaltic andesite. Several potassium-argon ages ranging from about 4 to 7 Ma indicate unit is mostly of early Pliocene and late Miocene age. Includes Shumuray Ranch Basalt and Antelope Flat Basalt of Kittleman and others (1965), Grassy Mountain Basalt of Corcoran and others (1962), Drinkwater Basalt of Bowen and others (1963), basalt formerly assigned to Danforth Formation by Piper and others (1939) (see Walker, 1979), Hayes Butte Basalt of Hampton (1964), Pliocene and upper Miocene basalt flows capping and interstratified with the Madras (or Deschutes) Formation, and basalt flows interstratified in the Dalles Formation of Newcomb (1966; 1969)
SHALE, CHERT, AND MINOR AMOUNTS OF QUARTZITE, GREENSTONE, AND LIMESTONE-Includes units such as Vinini Formation of north-central Nevada, Palmetto Formation in southern and central parts of Esmeralda County, and Comus Formation in Humboldt County. Locally includes rocks of Silurian and Devonian age.
Partly to densely welded vitric and vitric-crystal tuff of soda-rhyolitic, rhyolitic, and rhyodacitic composition that interfingers with and grades laterally into unit Tit. Includes some nonwelded ash-flow tuff and tuffaceous sedimentary rocks. Potassium-argon ages range from about 13 to 16 Ma. In Harney and Malheur Counties, it commonly overlies unit Tmb. Includes Dinner Creek Welded Tuff of Haddock (1965; 1967) and middle and upper Miocene ash-flow tuffs of Rytuba and others (1982; 1983a, b), widely exposed in the Trout Creek Mountains and adjacent areas, erupted from the McDermitt caldera complex, west and southwest of McDermitt, Nevada-Oregon, the White Horse caldera, northwest of McDermitt, and several other vent areas