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Mineral Resources > Online Spatial Data > Geology > by state > Tennessee Geology

Geologic units in Tennessee (state in United States)

[Additional scientific data in this geographic area]

Ste. Genevieve and St. Louis Limestones, undivided (Mississippian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Ste. Genevieve and St. Louis Limestones, undivided; includes Salem Limestone west of Christian County

Lithology: limestone; dolostone (dolomite); chert; sandstone

Metamorphosed Granitic Rock (Late Proterozoic) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Metamorphosed Granitic Rock (680-710 my) - massive to foliated, locally mylonitic. Beech, Crossnore, Brown Mountain, Lansing, and other granitic rocks.

Lithology: granitoid; mylonite

Pennington Formation (Mississippian) at surface, covers 1.0 % of this area

Pennington Formation - Highly variegated clay shale, distinctive; contains siltstone and locally gray, fine-grained sandstone. Thickness 400 to 700 feet.

Lithology: shale; siltstone; sandstone

Lenoir Limestone (Ordovician) at surface, covers 0.2 % of this area

Lenoir Limestone - Nodular, argillaceous, gray limestone; in places basal sedimentary breccia, conglomerate, quartz sand; Mosheim Limestone Member (dense, light- to medium-gray limestone) near base. Thickness 25 to 500 feet.

Lithology: limestone; conglomerate; sand

Nolichucky Shale, and Maryville, Rogersville, and Rutledge Formations, and Pumpkin Valley Shale (Cambrian) at surface, covers 2 % of this area

(Cn) Nolichucky Shale - Pastel-colored (pink, greenish, olive), flaky clay shale; gray, commonly oolitic, shaly limestone lenses; locally stromatolitic limestone layers; thin, blocky siltstone near middle. Thickness 500 feet in the east to 900 feet in the west.; (Cmr) Maryville, Rogersville, and Rutledge Formations - Maryvile and Rutledge are gray limestone, in part oolitic, with gray dolomite locally. Rogersville is green clay shale. Thickness 400 to 1,000 feet. Pumpkin Valley Shale - Dull-brown to maroon shale with numerous interbeds of thin, blocky, sandy siltstone. Thickness 100 to 600 feet.

Lithology: shale; limestone; dolostone (dolomite); siltstone

Chilhowee Group; Nebo Sandstone (Cambrian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Chilhowee Group; Nebo Sandstone - Medium-bedded, fine-grained, white vitreous quartzite, in part feldspathic. Thickness 250 feet.

Lithology: quartzite

Ordovician [units] including Richmond Group (which includes Mannie Shale, Fernvale Limestone, Sequatchie Formation, and Arnheim Formation), the Maysville Group (which includes Leipers Formation), the Eden Group (which includes Inman Formation), and the Nashville Group (which includes Catheys Formation) (Ordovician) at surface, covers 4 % of this area

Ordovician [units] including Richmond Group (which includes Mannie Shale - Olive-gray shale. Thickness 0 to 20 feet; Fernvale Limestone - Massive, coarsely crystalline, gray limestone with varicolored grains. Thickness 0 to 50 feet; Sequatchie Formation - Olive-gray and greenish-gray shale, mudstone, and argillaceous limestone; dolomitic, laminated, and sandy. Thickness 0 to 100 feet; and Arnheim Formation Nodular, shaly, gray limestone. Thickness 0 to 20 feet; the Maysville Group (which includes Leipers Formation - Nodular, shaly limestone; fine- to coarse-grained limestone; and phosphatic calcarenite locally. Thickness 0 to 150 feet); the Eden Group (which includes the Inman Formation - Thin-bedded to laminated, fine-grained, gray limestone with shale partings. Thickness 0 to 50 feet); and the Nashville Group (which includes Catheys Formation - Nodular, shaly limestone; fine- to coarse-grained limestone; phosphatic calcarenite; and light-gray cryptograined limestone. Thickness 50 to 175 feet.)

Lithology: shale ; limestone

Chattanooga Shale (Mississippian and Devonian) at surface, covers 0.1 % of this area

Chattanooga Shale - Black carbonaceous shale, fissile. Thickness 20 to 30 feet in most areas; thickens abruptly to about 100 feet near east edge of sheet. (Mapped with Mfp on West-Central sheet)

Lithology: black shale

Claiborne and Wilcox Formation (Tertiary) at surface, covers 3 % of this area

Claiborne and Wilcox Formations -- Irregularly bedded sand, locally interbedded with lenses and beds of gray to white clay, silty clay, lignitic clay, and lignite. Thickness more than 400 feet.

Lithology: sand; clay or mud; lignite

Bangor Limestone and Hartselle Formation (Mississippian) at surface, covers 0.8 % of this area

Bangor Limestone - Dark brownish-gray limestone, thick-bedded. Thickness 100 to 250 feet; and Hartselle Formation - Thin-bedded, fine-grained sandstone and greenish-gray shale interbedded with coarse limestone. Thickness 0 to 60 feet.

Lithology: limestone; sandstone; shale

McNairy Sand (Cretaceous) at surface, covers 2 % of this area

McNairy Sand - Predominantly sand, in places interbedded with silty light-gray clays. Fine-grained sand at base, locally contains heavy minerals. Thickness about 300 feet.

Lithology: sand; clay or mud

Unnamed (middle part of Knox Group), including Longview Dolomite and Chepultepec Dolomite (Ordovician) at surface, covers 0.5 % of this area

(Olc) Unnamed (middle part of Knox Group) including (Olv) Longview Dolomite - Siliceous, gray, fine-grained, medium-bedded dolomite; interbeds of gray limestone in upper part. Thickness about 300 feet.; and (Oc) Chepultepec Dolomite - Light-gray, fine-grained, well-bedded dolomite, moderately cherty; fine-grained limestone locally in upper part; quartz sandstone beds at base. Average thickness about 800 feet.

Lithology: dolostone (dolomite); limestone; sandstone

Holston Formation (Ordovician) at surface, covers 0.3 % of this area

Holston Formation - Pink, gray, and red coarsely crystalline limestone (Holston Marble); in many areas upper part is sandy, crossbedded ferruginous limestone and brown to greenish calcareous shale. Thickness 200 to 600 feet.

Lithology: limestone; shale

Loess (Quaternary) at surface, covers 10 % of this area

Loess - Clayey and sandy silt, gray to brown, massive. Maximum thickness about 100 feet along bluffs of Mississippi River; thins eastward. (Minimum mapped thickness 4 feet.)

Lithology: silt

Unnamed (upper part of Knox Group), including Newala Formation, Mascot Dolomite, Kingsport Formation, Longview Dolomite, and Chepultepec Dolomite (Ordovician) at surface, covers 2 % of this area

(Onc) Unnamed (upper part of the Knox Group), including the (On) Newala Formation; (Oma) Mascot Dolomite - Light-gray, fine-grained, well-bedded cherty dolomite; mottled (red and green) dolomite characteristic; interbeds of bluish-gray limestone in upper part; chert-matrix quartz sandstone at base. Erosional unconformity at top. Thickness 350 to 800 feet; (Ok) Kingsport Formation - Gray, fine-grained, sparingly cherty dolomite with basal dense, gray limestone sequence. Thickness about 250 feet. and (Olc) Unnamed (middle part of the Knox Group), including (Olv) Longview Dolomite - Siliceous, gray, fine-grained, medium-bedded dolomite; interbeds of gray limestone in upper part. Thickness about 300 feet; (Oc) Chepultepec Dolomite - Light-gray, fine-grained, well-bedded dolomite, moderately cherty; fine-grained limestone locally in upper part; quartz sandstone beds at base. Average thickness about 800 feet.

Lithology: dolostone (dolomite); limestone; sandstone

Newman Limestone (Mississippian) at surface, covers 0.2 % of this area

Newman Limestone - Gray limestone sequence near Cumberland Plateau and on Whiteoak Mountain. Shaly limestone, shale, siltstone, and sandstone on Chilhowee Mountain. Thickness about 700 feet.

Lithology: limestone; shale; siltstone; sandstone

Copper Ridge Dolomite (Cambrian) at surface, covers 2 % of this area

Copper Ridge Dolomite - Coarse, dark-gray, knotty dolomite, asphaltic in places, with much gray, medium-grained, well- bedded dolomite; abundant chert; cryptozoans typical. Thickness about 1,000 feet.

Lithology: dolostone (dolomite); chert

Middle and Lower parts of Chickamauga Group, including Moccassin Formation, Bays Formation, Sevier Shale, Ottosee Shale, Holston Formation, Lenoir Limestone, and Athens Shale (Ordovician) at surface, covers 0.3 % of this area

Middle and Lower Parts of Chickamauga Group - A sequence of about 1,400 feet of limestone in the northwest part of Valley and Ridge, which thickens and becomes more clastic to the southeast and is divided into the formations shown at right. Maximum thickness about 7,000 feet. Includes Moccasin Formation - Maroon calcareous shale, siltstone, and limestone; thin metabentonite layers in upper part; mud cracks, ripple marks common. Thickness 800 to 1,000 feet;. (Ob) Bays Formation - Maroon, well-jointed claystone and siltstone, commonly mottled greenish, evenly bedded; light- gray sandstone beds and metabentonite in upper part. Maximum thickness 1,000 feet; (Osv) Sevier Shale - Calcareous, bluish-gray shale, weathers yellowish-brown; with thin, gray limestone layers; sandstone, siltstone, and locally conglomerate to the east. Thickness 2,000 to 7,000 feet; (Oo) Ottosee Shale - Bluish-gray calcareous shale, weathers yellow; with reef lenses of coarsely crystalline reddish fossiliferous limestone ("marble"). Thickness about 1,000 feet; (Oh) Holston Formation - Pink, gray, and red coarsely crystalline limestone (Holston Marble); in many areas upper part is sandy, crossbedded ferruginous limestone and brown to greenish calcareous shale. Thickness 200 to 600 feet; (Ol) Lenoir Limestone - Nodular, argillaceous, gray limestone; in places basal sedimentary breccia, conglomerate, quartz sand; Mosheim Limestone Member (dense, light- to medium-gray limestone) near base. Thickness 25 to 500 feet; (Oa) Athens Shale - Medium- to dark-gray, calcareous, graptolitic shale; calcareous gray sandstone, siltstone, and locally fine-pebble quartz conglomerate; nodules of shaly limestone near base. Maximum thickness 1,500 feet.

Lithology: shale; limestone; sandstone; siltstone; claystone; bentonite; conglomerate

Maynardville Limestone (Cambrian) at surface, covers 0.3 % of this area

Maynardville Limestone - Thick-bedded, bluish-gray, ribboned (silt and dolomite), nodular limestone; light-gray, fine- grained, laminated to thin-bedded, noncherty dolomite in upper part. Thickness 150 to 400 feet.

Lithology: limestone; dolostone (dolomite)

Stones River Group; Lebanon Limestone (Ordovician) at surface, covers 2 % of this area

Stones River Group; Lebanon Limestone - Thin-bedded, gray limestone with calcareous shale partings. Thickness 80 to 100 feet.

Lithology: limestone; shale

Nashville Group; Bigby-Cannon Limestone and Hermitage Formation (Ordovician) at surface, covers 4 % of this area

Nashville Group - Bigby-Cannon Limestone - Brownish-gray phosphatic calcarenite and light-gray to brownish-gray, cryptograined to medium- grained, even-bedded limestone. Thickness 50 to 125 feet; and Hermitage Formation - Thin-bedded to laminated, sandy and argillaceous limestone with shale; nodular shaly limestone; coquina; and phosphatic calcarenite. Thickness 50 to 100 feet.

Lithology: calcarenite; limestone; shale; coquina

Rome Formation (Cambrian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Rome Formation - Dusky-red and green shale and siltstone, dolomite, and limestone.

Lithology: shale; siltstone; sandstone; dolostone (dolomite); limestone

Knox Group, including Newala Formation, Mascot Dolomite, Kingsport Formation, Longview Dolomite, Chepultepec Dolomite, and Copper Ridge Dolomite (Ordovician to Cambrian) at surface, covers 3 % of this area

Knox Group - Siliceous dolomite and magnesian limestone sequence. Thickness 2,500 to 3,000 feet.

Lithology: dolostone (dolomite); limestone

Fort Payne Formation (Mississippian) at surface, covers 12 % of this area

Fort Payne Formation - Bedded chert, calcareous and dolomitic, somewhat crinoidal; and minor shale. Thin green shale (Maury) at base. Average thickness about 200 feet.

Lithology: chert; shale

Sevier Shale (Ordovician) at surface, covers 2 % of this area

Sevier Shale - Calcareous, bluish-gray shale, weathers yellowish-brown; with thin, gray limestone layers; sandstone, siltstone, and locally conglomerate to the east. Thickness 2,000 to 7,000 feet.

Lithology: shale; limestone; sandstone; siltstone; conglomerate

Maryville, Rogersville, and Rutledge Formations (Cambrian) at surface, covers 0.3 % of this area

Maryville, Rogersville, and Rutledge Formations - Maryville and Rutledge are gray limestone, in part oolitic, with gray dolomite locally. Rogersville is green clay shale. Thickness 400 to 1,000 feet.

Lithology: limestone; shale; dolostone (dolomite)

Rockcastle Sandstone Member of Lee Formation (Pennsylvanian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Rockcastle Sandstone Member of Lee Formation

Lithology: sandstone; conglomerate

Honaker Dolomite (Cambrian) at surface, covers 0.3 % of this area

Honaker Dolomite - Dark-gray, medium-bedded dolomite with minor dark limestone beds; locally cherty; cryptozoans abundant in places. Thickness about 1,500 feet.

Lithology: dolostone (dolomite); limestone

Mount Rogers Formation; Metagraywacke (Late Proterozoic) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Metagraywacke - interlayered with metaconglomerate, laminated metasiltstone, and slate; minor calcareous metasandstone, greenstone, and metarhyolite.

Lithology: metasedimentary rock; slate; greenstone; meta-rhyolite

Chepultepec Dolomite (Ordovician) at surface, covers 0.2 % of this area

Chepultepec Dolomite - Light-gray, fine-grained, well-bedded dolomite, moderately cherty; fine-grained limestone locally in upper part; quartz sandstone beds at base. Average thickness about 800 feet.

Lithology: dolostone (dolomite); limestone; sandstone

Tuscaloosa Formation (Cretaceous) at surface, covers 0.4 % of this area

Tuscaloosa Formation - Poorly sorted, light-gray chert gravel in a matrix of silt and sand; locally interbedded with sand and clay lenses. Thickness 0 to 140 feet.

Lithology: gravel; silt; sand; clay or mud

Silurian Formations, including Decatur Limestone, Brownsport Group (Lobelville Formation, Bob Limestone, Beech River Formation), Wayne Group (Dixon Formation, Lego Formation, Waldron Shale, Laurel Limestone, Osgood Formation) and Brassfield Limestone (Silurian) at surface, covers 1 % of this area

Silurian Formations - A complete section of Silurian formations is not common because of pre-Chattanooga and/or pre- Cretaceous erosion. Where preserved, Silurian formations are remarkably uniform in thickness and are characteristically light olive-gray to greenish-gray with variable reddish-brown color in some area;. Decatur Limestone - Thick-bedded, medium- to coarse-grained limestone, gray with reddish-brown grains. Thickness 0 to 70 feet; Brownsport Group which includes 1) Lobelville Formation - Shale with thin beds of limestone. Thickness 0 to 40 feet; 2) Bob Limestone - Thick-bedded, medium-grained limestone, locally oolitic. Thickness 0 to 25 feet; and 3) Beech River Formation - Shale with thin beds of limestone. Thickness 0 to 60 feet; Wayne Group which includes: 1) Dixon Formation - Green and reddish-brown argillaceous limestone, shale, and mudstone. Thickness 0 to 40 feet; 2) Lego Limestone - Even-bedded, olive-gray limestone with scattered reddish-brown grains. Thickness 0 to 30 feet; 3) Waldron Shale - Greenish-gray fossiliferous shale. Thickness 0 to 5 feet; 4) Laurel Limestone - Even-bedded, gray limestone with scattered reddish-brown grains. Thickness 0 to 30 feet; 5) Osgood Formation - Greenish- and reddish-gray shale and argillaceous limestone. Thickness 0 to 15 feet.; and Brassfield Limestone - Thin-bedded cherty limestone, locally glauconitic. Thickness 0 to 20 feet.

Lithology: limestone; shale; mudstone

St. Louis Limestone and Warsaw Limestone (Mississippian) at surface, covers 10 % of this area

St. Louis Limestone - Residuum of nodules and blocks of chert in sandy clay. (Originally grayish-brown, medium-bedded limestone.) Maximum preserved thickness about 50 feet. Warsaw Limestone - Residuum of porous chert blocks in sandy clay. (Originally gray, medium- to coarse-grained, thick- bedded limestone.) Thickness about 60 feet.

Lithology: clay or mud; chert

Shady Dolomite (Cambrian) at surface, covers 0.3 % of this area

Shady Dolomite - Light-gray dolomite and thinly bedded limestone with much shaly gray limestone and calcareous gray shale. Thickness about 1,000 feet.

Lithology: dolostone (dolomite); limestone; shale

Alluvial deposits (Quaternary) at surface, covers 6 % of this area

Alluvial Deposits - Sand, silt, clay, and gravel. In flood plain of Mississippi River more than 100 feet thick; in smaller streams generally less than 20 feet thick.

Lithology: sand; silt; clay or mud; gravel

Juniata Formation (Ordovician) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Juniata Formation - Maroon, claystone, siltstone, and shale; uniformly bedded; some faint greenish mottling; less calcareous than Sequatchie Formation. Thickness about 300 feet.

Lithology: claystone; siltstone; shale

Renfro and Muldraugh Members of Borden Formation and Fort Payne Formation, undivided (Mississippian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Renfro and Muldraugh Members of Borden Formation and Fort Payne Formation, undivided

Lithology: limestone; dolostone (dolomite); shale; sandstone

Indian Bluff Formation (Pennsylvanian) at surface, covers 0.4 % of this area

Indian Bluff Formation - Shale, sandstone, siltstone, and thin coal beds; from Pioneer Sandstone Member to Jellico coal. Thickness 150 to 250 feet.

Lithology: shale; sandstone; siltstone; coal

Coffee Sand (Cretaceous) at surface, covers 0.7 % of this area

Coffee Sand - Loose fine-grained sand, light-gray, sparsely glauconitic, locally interbedded with laminated lignitic clay. Thickness 25 to 200 feet; thins northward.

Lithology: sand; clay or mud

HOLOCENE SERIES (Phanerozoic | Cenozoic | Quaternary | Holocene) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

HOLOCENE SERIES - Alluvium - clay, silt, sand, and gravel

Lithology: clay or mud; silt; sand; gravel

Maynardville Limestone, Nolichucky Shale, and Honaker Dolomite (Cambrian) at surface, covers 0.2 % of this area

Maynardville Limestone - Thick-bedded, bluish-gray, ribboned (silt and dolomite) nodular limestone; light-gray, fine-grained, laminated to thinly bedded, noncherty dolomite in upper part. Thickness 150 to 400 feet; Nolichucky Shale - Pastel-colored (pink, greenish, olive), flaky clay shale; gray, commonly oolitic, shaly limestone lenses; locally stromatolitic limestone layers; thin, blocky siltstone near middle. Thickness 100 feet in the east to 900 feet in the west; Honaker Dolomite - Dark-gray, medium-bedded dolomite with minor dark limestone beds; locally cherty; cryptozoans abundant in places. Thickness about 1,500 feet.

Lithology: dolostone (dolomite); shale; limestone; siltstone

Walden Creek Group; Sandsuck Formation (Precambrian) at surface, covers 0.2 % of this area

Wladen Creek Group; Sandsuck Formation - Olive-green and gray, argillaceous, micaceous shale with coarse feldspathic sandstone and quartz- pebble conglomerate. Thickness about 2,000 feet.

Lithology: shale; sandstone; conglomerate

Alluvium (Pleistocene to Holocene) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Alluvium; includes glacial deposits along the Ohio River and its tributaries west of Cannelton locks

Lithology: sand; silt; glacial drift

Nolichucky Shale (Cambrian) at surface, covers 0.2 % of this area

Nolichucky Shale - Pastel-colored (pink, greenish, olive), flaky clay shale; gray, commonly oolitic, shaly limestone lenses; locally stromatolitic limestone layers; thin, blocky siltstone near middle. Thickness 500 feet in the east to 900 feet in the west.

Lithology: shale; limestone; siltstone

Intrusive igneous rocks (Paleozoic (?)) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Intrusive Igneous Rocks - Metadiorite and metagabbro in Polk County, intrude Great Smoky Group.

Lithology: diorite; gabbro

Jackson (?) Formation (Tertiary) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Jackson (?) Formation - Sand, with layers of gray clay, silt, and lignite. Exposed only in bluffs along Mississippi River; thickness at least 60 feet.

Lithology: sand; clay or mud; silt; lignite

Erwin and Hampton Formations (Cambrian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Erwin and Hampton Formations - Sandstone, quartzite, and shale.

Lithology: sandstone; quartzite; shale

Erwin Formation (Cambrian) at surface, covers 0.4 % of this area

Erwin Formation - White, vitreous quartzite, massive, with interbeds of dark-green silty and sandy shale, minor siltstone, and very fine-grained sandstone. Thickness 1,000 to 1,500 feet.

Lithology: quartzite; shale; siltstone; sandstone

Gizzard Group including Warren Point Sandstone and Raccoon Mountain Formation (Pennsylvanian) at surface, covers 0.8 % of this area

Gizzard Group - Sandstone, conglomeratic sandstone, siltstone, shale, and minor coal. Thickness 100 to 200 feet. Includes Warren Point Sandstone - Gray to brown sandstone and minor conglomeratic sandstone. Thickness 60 to 160 feet; Raccoon Mountain Formation - Siltstone, sandstone, shale, and minor coal. Thickness 0 to 65 feet.

Lithology: sandstone; shale; siltstone; coal

Breathitt Formation, middle part (Pennsylvanian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Breathitt Formation, middle part

Lithology: sandstone; shale; siltstone; coal; limestone

Fentress Formation (Pennsylvanian) at surface, covers 0.3 % of this area

Fentress Formation - Mostly dark-gray to light-brown shale, with minor siltstone and sandstone. Wilder coal near middle. Laterally equivalent to entire Gizzard Group and all of Crab Orchard Mountains Group below Rockcastle Conglomerate. Thickness as much as 340 feet.

Lithology: shale; siltstone; sandstone; coal

Athens Shale (Ordovician) at surface, covers 0.3 % of this area

Athens Shale - Medium- to dark-gray, calcareous, graptolitic shale; calcareous gray sandstone, siltstone, and locally fine-pebble quartz conglomerate; nodules of shaly limestone near base. Maximum thickness 1,500 feet.

Lithology: shale; sandstone; siltstone; conglomerate; limestone

Devonian Formations, includes Pegram Formation, Camden Formation, Harriman Formation, Flat Gap Limestone, and Ross Formation (Devonian) at surface, covers 0.3 % of this area

Devonian Formations - Characterized by marked north-south facies variations. Because of pre-Chattanooga and/or pre-Cretaceous warping and erosion, the distribution and thickness of Devonian formations is very irregular. Includes Pegram Formation - Thick-bedded, gray limestone and gray sandstone. Thickness 0 to 15 feet; Camden Formation - Light-gray novaculitic chert and tripolitic clay; and minor siliceous limestone. Thickness 0 to about 100 feet; Harriman Formation - Light-gray novaculitic chert and tripolitic clay; and minor siliceous limestone. (Harriman and Camden are differentiated paleontologically.) Thickness 0 to 50 feet; Flat Gap Limestone - Thick-bedded, coarse-grained limestone, gray with red and brown grains. Thickness 0 to 55 feet; Ross Formation - Siliceous limestone; gray and variegated shale; and medium-grained glauconitic limestone. Thickness 0 to 75 feet.

Lithology: limestone; chert; clay or mud; shale; sandstone

Crab Orchard Mountains Group (Pennsylvanian) at surface, covers 4 % of this area

Crab Orchard Mountains Group - Only the lowest formation of the group, the Sewanee Conglomerate, is preserved in the area of this sheet. Sewanee is gray to brown, medium- to coarse-grained conglomeratic sandstone, with a thin zone of ferruginous quartz- and shale-pebble conglomerate at base. Maximum preserved thickness 35 feet.

Lithology: conglomerate; sandstone

Rome Formation (Cambrian) at surface, covers 1 % of this area

Rome Formation - Variegated (red, green, yellow) shale and siltstone with beds of gray, fine-grained sandstone. Maximum exposed thickness 1,500 feet.

Lithology: shale; siltstone; sandstone

Beech Granite (Precambrian) at surface, covers 0.2 % of this area

Beech Granite - Granite, porphyritic, light-gray to reddish; coarse potash feldspar crystals and clustered interstitial mafics (chloritized biotite and hornblende) give spotted appearance; includes Max Patch Granite.

Lithology: granite

Ottosee Shale (Ordovician) at surface, covers 0.4 % of this area

Ottosee Shale - Bluish-gray calcareous shale, weathers yellow; with reef lenses of coarsely crystalline reddish fossiliferous limestone ("marble"). Thickness about 1,000 feet.

Lithology: shale; limestone

Mascot Dolomite (Ordovician) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Mascot Dolomite - Light-gray, fine-grained, well-bedded cherty dolomite; mottled (red and green) dolomite characteristic; interbeds of bluish-gray limestone in upper part; chert-matrix quartz sandstone at base. Erosional unconformity at top. Thickness 350 to 800 feet.

Lithology: dolostone (dolomite); limestone; sandstone

Rockcastle Conglomerate (Pennsylvanian) at surface, covers 2 % of this area

Rockcastle Conglomerate - Conglomeratic sandstone and sandstone, gray to brown, fine- to coarse-grained. Thin coal-bearing shale locally present near middle. Thickness 150 to 220 feet.

Lithology: conglomerate; sandstone; shale; coal

Newala Formation, including Mascot Dolomite and Kingsport Formation (Ordovician) at surface, covers 0.6 % of this area

(On) Newala Formation, including (Oma) Mascot Dolomite - Light-gray, fine-grained, well-bedded cherty dolomite; mottled (red and green) dolomite characteristic; interbeds of bluish-gray limestone in upper part; chert-matrix quartz sandstone at base. Erosional unconformity at top. Thickness 350 to 800 feet; and (Ok) Kingsport Formation - Gray, fine-grained, sparingly cherty dolomite with basal dense, gray limestone sequence. Thickness about 250 feet.

Lithology: dolostone (dolomite); limestone; sandstone

Demopolis Formation (Cretaceous) at surface, covers 0.2 % of this area

Demopolis Formation - Marl and calcareous clay, light-gray, fossiliferous, locally glauconitic and sandy. Merges northward into sands mapped as Kcc. Maximum thickness 180 feet.

Lithology: clay or mud

Stones River Group; Carters Limestone (Ordovician) at surface, covers 2 % of this area

Stones River Group; Carters Limestone - Fine-grained, yellowish-brown limestone; thin-bedded in upper part; thicker bedded and very slightly cherty with scattered mottlings of magnesian limestone in lower part. Contains thin bentonite beds. Thickness 50 to 100 feet.

Lithology: limestone; bentonite

Midway Group including Porters Creek Clay and Clayton Formation (Tertiary) at surface, covers 1 % of this area

Midway Group - includes Porters Creek Clay - Pale-brown to brownish-gray, massive, blocky clay; locally contains glauconitic sand. Thickness 130 to 170 feet. Also includes Clayton Formation- Glauconitic sand, argillaceous and locally fossiliferous; at base in Hardeman County is an impure fossiliferous limestone. Thickness 30 to 70 feet.

Lithology: clay or mud; sand; limestone

Alluvium - Alluvial deposits of local streams or of overbank flow of major streams (Phanerozoic | Cenozoic | Quaternary | Holocene) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Alluvial deposits of local streams or of overbank flow of major streams - In some areas includes deposits in abandoned meanders of major streams

Lithology: alluvium

Cove Creek Limestone and Fido Sandstone (Mississippian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Cove Creek Limestone and Fido Sandstone - Limestone and calcareous sandstone.

Lithology: limestone; sandstone

Conasauga Group, including Maynardville Limestone, Nolichucky Shale, the Maryville, Rogersville, and Rutledge Formations, Pumpkin Valley Shale, Rome Formation, and Shady Dolomite (Cambrian) at surface, covers 0.3 % of this area

Conasauga Group - Mostly shale northwest of a line connecting Etowah and Bearden (Knoxville); to the east it consists of the six formations at right [Cmn, Maynardville Limestone. Ccl including Cn, Nolichucky Shale, Cmr Maryville, Rogersville, and Rutledge Formations, and Pumpkin Valley Shale; Cr, Rome Formation, and Cs, Shady Dolomite. Thickness about 2,000 feet.

Lithology: shale; limestone; dolostone (dolomite); sandstone; siltstone

High-level alluvial deposits (Quaternary-Tertiary) at surface, covers 0.5 % of this area

High-level Alluvial Deposits - Iron-stained gravel, sand, silt, and clay; variable in thickness but generally less then 60 feet thick.

Lithology: gravel; sand; silt; clay or mud

Martinsburg Shale, including Reedsville Shale and Unnamed Limestone Unit (Ordovician) at surface, covers 0.2 % of this area

Martinsburg Shale - Bluish-gray, calcareous clay shale, weathers yellowish-brown; with thin beds of nodular gray, fossiliferous limestone; thin layers of metabentonite near base. Thickness about 1,000 feet. Incluldes Reedsville Shale - Greenish-gray calcareous shale. Thickness 200 to 400 feet. and Unnamed Limestone Unit - Medium-grained, fossiliferous, gray limestone, shaly in part. Thickness as much as 600 feet.

Lithology: shale; limestone; bentonite

Ocoee Supergroup, Snowbird Group; Roaring Fork Sandstone (Late Proterozoic) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Roaring Fork Sandstone - greenish gray, fine to medium grained, locally cross-bedded, metamorphosed; interbedded metasiltstone and phyllite.

Lithology: sandstone; metasedimentary rock; phyllite

Ocoee Supergroup, including Walden Creek Group, (including Sandsuck Formation, Wilhite Formation, Shields Formation, Licklog Formation), Cades Sandstone, and Rich Butt Sandstone (Precambrian) at surface, covers 0.2 % of this area

Ocoee Supergroup - Terrigenous clastic sedimentary rocks, for the most part poorly sorted and coarse. The groups are subdivided into formations only in the region of the Great Smoky Mountains. Thickness as much as 50,000 feet. Includes Walden Creek Group - The formations, other than the Sandsuck, have been mapped only in the region of the Great Smoky Mountains. Thickness about 8,000 feet; Sandsuck Formation - Olive-green and gray, argillaceous, micaceous shale with coarse feldspathic sandstone and quartz- pebble conglomerate. Thickness about 2,000 feet; Wilhite Formation - Gray to green siltstone and slate with interbeds of pebble conglomerate, sandstone, and quartzite. Thickness about 4,000 feet; Shields Formation - Massive conglomerate, sandstone, argillaceous slate; conglomerate (pebbles of various rock types) characteristic. Thickness about 1,500 feet; Licklog Formation - Feldspathic sandstone, greenish phyllite, and bluish-gray slate. Thickness about 1,500 feet; and the Cades Sandstone - Gray, well-bedded, fine- to medium-grained feldspathic metasandstone, with interbeds of dark slate and metasiltstone; precise stratigraphic position unknown. Thickness about 1,500 feet; and Rich Butt Sandstone - Gray, massive beds of feldspathic, fine- to medium-grained sandstone, with interbeds of dark slate and arkosic conglomerate; exact stratigraphic position unknown. Thickness about 1,500 feet.

Lithology: sandstone; shale; siltstone; conglomerate; slate; phyllite; quartzite

Knox Group undifferentiated (Ordovician-Cambrian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Knox Group undifferentiated

Lithology: dolostone (dolomite); limestone

Unicoi Formation (Cambrian) at surface, covers 0.4 % of this area

Unicoi Formation - Sequence of gray feldspathic sandstone, arkose, conglomerate, graywacke, siltstone and shale; greenish amygdaloidal basalt flows near middle and base. Thickness 2,000 to 5,000 feet.

Lithology: sandstone; arkose; conglomerate; graywacke; siltstone; shale; basalt

Coon Creek Formation (Cretaceous) at surface, covers 0.7 % of this area

Coon Creek Formation - Fossiliferous, micaceous sand, silty and glauconitic; locally fossiliferous sandy clay at base. Siderite concretions common in upper part. Thickness about 140 feet.

Lithology: sand; clay or mud

Clinch Sandstone (Silurian) at surface, covers 0.1 % of this area

Clinch Sandstone - Clean, white, well-sorted sandstone; locally gray siltstone and shale. Average thickness about 600 feet.

Lithology: sandstone; siltstone; shale

Ordovician System undivided in part (Includes Sequatchie Formation, Elkmont Formation, Leipers Limestone, Inman Formation, Nashville Group, and Stones River Group) (Ordovician) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Ordovician System undivided in part (Includes Sequatchie Formation, Elkmont Formation, Leipers Limestone, Inman Formation, Nashville Group, and Stones River Group) - Sequatchie Formation -- grayish-red and yellowish-gray calcareous shale containing interbedded fossiliferous limestone. Elkmont Formation -- medium to dark-gray phosphatic limestone with interbeds of light to medium-gray and black shale. Leipers Limestone -- medium to dark-gray thin to medium-bedded fossiliferous limestone containing interbeds of argillaceous limestone. Inman Formation -- interbedded greenish-gray or moderate to dusky-red shale and light-gray peloidal limestone. Nashville Group undifferentiated -- medium to dark-gray argillaceous and fossiliferous limestone overlain by yellowish-gray laminated silty limestone. Stones River Group -- medium to dark-gray thick to thin-bedded limestone, argillaceous in part, locally very fossiliferous.

Lithology: limestone; shale

Stones River Group; Ridley Limestone (Ordovician) at surface, covers 1 % of this area

Stones River Group; Ridley Limestone - Thick-bedded, brownish-gray limestone, fine-grained, with minor mottlings of magnesian limestone; slightly cherty. Thickness 90 to 150 feet.

Lithology: limestone

Monteagle Limestone (Mississippian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Monteagle Limestone - Light-gray oolitic limestone containing interbedded argillaceous, bioclastic, or dolomitic limestone, dolomite, and medium-gray shale.

Lithology: limestone; dolostone (dolomite); shale

Chepultepec and Copper Ridge Formations (Cambrian-Ordovician) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Chepultepec and Copper Ridge Formations - Dolomite, minor limestone, chert, and calcareous sandstone.

Lithology: dolostone (dolomite); limestone; chert; sandstone

Breathitt Formation, lower part (Pennsylvanian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Breathitt Formation, lower part; lower part which includes Livingston Conglomerate Member of Lee Formation in eastern Rockcastle County

Lithology: shale; siltstone; sandstone; coal; conglomerate

Crab Orchard Mounatins and Gizzard Group (Pennsylvanian) at surface, covers 0.2 % of this area

Crab Orchard Mountains and Gizzard Groups - Sandstone, conglomerate, siltstone, shale, and thin coal beds. From top down Crab Orchard Mountains group includes Rockcastle Conglomerate, Vadever Formation, Newton Sandstone, Whitwell Shale, and Sewanee Conglomerate; Gizzard Group includes Signal Point Shale, Warren Point Sandstone, and Raccoon Mountain Formation. Thickness about 1,200 to 1,400 feet.

Lithology: sandstone; conglomerate; shale; siltstone; coal

Rockwood Formation and Clinch Sandstone (Silurian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Rockwood Formation - Brown to maroon shale, thin gray siltstone and sandstone, and thin lenticular layers of oolitic and fossiliferous red hematite. Thickness 200 to 800 feet; and Clinch Sandstone - Clean, white, well-sorted sandstone; locally gray siltstone and shale. Combined Rockwood and Clinch thicknesses about 700 feet.

Lithology: sandstone; shale; siltstone

Rockwood Formation (Silurian) at surface, covers 0.1 % of this area

Rockwood Formation - Brown to maroon shale, thin gray siltstone and sandstone, and thin lenticular layers of oolitic and fossiliferous red hematite. Thickness 200 to 800 feet.

Lithology: shale; siltstone; sandstone

Crooked Fork Group (Pennsylvanian) at surface, covers 1 % of this area

Crooked Fork Group - Shale, sandstone, siltstone, and thin coal beds; from top down group includes Poplar Creek coal, Wartburg Sandstone, Glenmary Shale, Coalfield Sandstone, Burnt Mill Shale, Crossville Sandstone, and Dorton Shale. Thickness 200 to 450 feet.

Lithology: sandstone; shale; siltstone; coal

Conococheague Formation (Cambrian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Conococheague Formation - Limestone, dolomite, and calcareous sandstone.

Lithology: limestone; dolostone (dolomite); sandstone

Hardy Creek Limestone through Dot Limestone (Ordovician) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Hardy Creek Limestone through Dot Limestone - Limestone, in part cherty; and calcareous shale. Includes Hardy Creek, Ben Hur, Woodway, Hurricane Bridge, Martin Creek, Rob Camp, Poteet, and Dot Limestones.

Lithology: limestone; shale; chert

Continental deposits and loess, undifferentiated (Tertiary to Quaternary) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Continental deposits and loess, undifferentiated; West of the Tennessee River

Lithology: loess; sand; gravel

New Albany, Chattanooga, and Ohio Shales, Boyle Dolomite (Limestone), and Sellersburg Limestone, undivided (Devonian to Mississippian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

New Albany, Chattanooga, and Ohio Shales, Boyle Dolomite (Limestone), and Sellersburg Limestone, undivided

Lithology: black shale; dolostone (dolomite); limestone

Monteagle Limestone (Mississippian) at surface, covers 1 % of this area

Monteagle Limestone - Fragmental and oolitic limestone, light-gray; and fine-grained, brownish-gray limestone. Thickness 180 to 350 feet.

Lithology: limestone

Cranberry Granite (Precambrian) at surface, covers 0.2 % of this area

Cranberry Granite - Complex of intertonguing rock types including migmatite, granitic gneisses, monzonite, quartz diorite, greenstone, mica and hornblende schists, abundant granitic pegmatite.

Lithology: migmatite; gneiss; monzonite; diorite; mica schist; amphibole schist; pegmatite

Sequatchie Formation (Ordovician) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Sequatchie Formation - Maroon and gray shaly limestone, mottled greenish; with interbeds of calcareous, olive to maroon shale and siltstone. Average thickness about 200 feet.

Lithology: limestone; shale; siltstone

Chickamauga Group, includes Upper part of Chickamauga Group (Reedsville Shale, and Unnamed limestone unit) and Middle and Lower part of Chickamauga Group (Moccasin Formation, Bays Formation, Ottosee Shale, Holston Formation, Lenoir Limestone, Athens Shale, and Sevier Shale) (Ordovician) at surface, covers 1 % of this area

Chickamauga Group - In the northwest part of the Valley and Ridge a predominantly limestone sequence about 2,000 feet thick. Becomes progressively more clastic and thicker to the southeast, including Upper part of Chickamauga Group (Reedsville Shale- Greenish-gray calcareous shale. Thickness 0 to 400 feet, and Unnamed Limestone Unit - Medium-grained, fossiliferous, gray limestone, shaly in part. Thickness as much as 600 feet ) and.Middle and lower parts of Chickamauga Group (Omlc)

Lithology: limestone; shale; siltstone; sandstone

Ocoee Supergroup, Walden Creek Group; Sandsuck Formation (Late Proterozoic) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Sandsuck Formation - slate and metasiltstone, dark green to black. Metaconglomerate lentils in upper part; calcareous metasandstone, sandy metalimestone, and quartzite in lower part.

Lithology: slate; metasedimentary rock; quartzite

Snowbird Group, including Pigeon Siltstone, Roaring Fork Sandstone, Metcalf Phyllite, Longarm Quartzite, and Wading Branch Formation (Precambrian) at surface, covers 0.5 % of this area

Snowbird Group - The formations at right are applicable chiefly in the area of the Great Smoky Mountains. Thickness 13,000 to about 20,000 feet. Includes Pigeon Siltstone - Laminated, greenish quartzose and feldspathic siltstone; minor fine-grained gray sandstone. Thickness as much as 10,000 feet; Roaring Fork Sandstone - Interbedded massive feldspathic sandstone, greenish siltstone, and greenish phyllite. Maximum thickness 7,000 feet; Metcalf Phyllite - Lustrous, pale-green and silvery sericitic and chloritic phyllite; siltstone interbeds abundant. Thickness uncertain; at least 5,000 feet; Longarm Quartzite - Feldspathic quartzite and arkose, conspicuously light-colored, current bedded and crossbedded. Thickness about 5,000 feet; Wading Branch Formation - Medium- to dark-gray sandy slate to coarse, pebbly feldspathic sandstone and graywacke; basal part is quartz-sericite phyllite; graded bedding common. Thickness about 1,500 feet.

Lithology: siltstone; sandstone; phyllite; quartzite; arkose; slate

Salem, Warsaw, and Harrodsburg Limestones, undivided (Mississippian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Salem, Warsaw, and Harrodsburg Limestones, undivided

Lithology: limestone; fine-grained mixed clastic; dolostone (dolomite)

Pennington Group (Mississippian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Pennington Group - Shale, sandstone, dusky-red mudstone, conglomerate, siltstone, and limestone.

Lithology: shale; sandstone; mudstone; conglomerate; siltstone; limestone

Kingsport Formation (Ordovician) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Kingsport Formation - Gray, fine-grained, sparingly cherty dolomite with basal dense, gray limestone sequence. Thickness about 250 feet.

Lithology: dolostone (dolomite); limestone

Pumpkin Valley Shale (Cambrian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Pumpkin Valley Shale - Dull-brown to maroon shale with numerous interbeds of thin, blocky, and sandy siltstone. Thickness 100 to 600 feet.

Lithology: shale; siltstone

Roan Gneiss (Precambrian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Roan Gneiss - Layered hornblende and garnet gneiss and granitic migmatite with zones of mica schist and amphibolite, foliation commonly contorted; contains numerous granitic and gabbroic dikes.

Lithology: gneiss; migmatite; mica schist; amphibolite; gabbro; granite

Knox Group (Cambrian-Ordovician) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Knox Group - dolostone, limestone, sandstone. Includes the Mascot Dolomite, Kingsport Dolomite, Chepultepec Dolomite, Copper Ridge Dolomite. (Includes: Ob, Omk, Occo, Cco, Occc.)

Lithology: dolostone (dolomite); limestone; chert; sandstone

Redoak Mountain Formation (Pennsylvanian) at surface, covers 0.2 % of this area

Redoak Mountain Formation - Shale, sandstone, siltstone, and several important coals; from Pewee coal to Windrock coal. Thickness 340 to 420 feet.

Lithology: shale; sandstone; siltstone; coal

Hampton Formation (Cambrian) at surface, covers 0.3 % of this area

Hampton Formation - Dark greenish-gray, silty and sandy, micaceous shale; numerous layers of medium-grained, feldspathic, thinly bedded sandstone. Thickness 500 to 2,000 feet.

Lithology: shale; sandstone

Ocoee Supergroup, Great Smokey Group; Copperhill Formation (Late Proterozoic) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Copperhill Formation - metagraywacke, massive, graded bedding common; includes dark-gray slate, mica schist, and nodular calc-silicate rock.

Lithology: metasedimentary rock; slate; mica schist; calc-silicate rock

Vowell Mountain Formation (Pennsylvanian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Vowell Mountain Formation - Shale, sandstone, siltstone, and coal; from Frozen Head Sandstone Member to Pewee coal. Thickness 300 to 375 feet.

Lithology: shale; sandstone; siltstone; coal

Ocoee Supergroup, Snowbird Group; Longarm Quartzite (Late Proterozoic) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Longarm Quartzite - cross-bedded, feldspathic, locally conglomeratic; includes dark slate and metasiltstone.

Lithology: quartzite; slate; metasedimentary rock

Graves Gap Formation (Pennsylvanian) at surface, covers 0.3 % of this area

Graves Gap Formation - Shale, sandstone, siltstone, and coal; from Windrock coal to top of Pioneer Sandstone. Thickness 200 to 350 feet.

Lithology: shale; sandstone; siltstone; coal

Bays Formation (Ordovician) at surface, covers 0.2 % of this area

Bays Formation - Maroon, well-jointed claystone and siltstone, commonly mottled greenish, evenly bedded; light- gray sandstone beds and metabentonite in upper part. Maximum thickness 1,000 feet.

Lithology: claystone; siltstone; sandstone; bentonite

Sardis Formation (Cretaceous) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Sardis Formation - Quartz sand and glauconite sand, argillaceous and locally fossiliferous. (Mapped with Kcc north of Beech River.) Maximum thickness 70 feet.

Lithology: sand

Chilhowee Group; Hesse Sandstone (Cambrian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Chilhowee Group; Hesse Sandstone - White, vitreous quartzite, medium- to coarse-grained, occurs in massive ledges; Helenmode Member at top is gray to greenish sandstone and shale. Thickness about 600 feet.

Lithology: quartzite; sandstone; shale

Ocoee Supergroup; Walden Creek Group, undivided (Late Proterozoic) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Walden Creek Group, undivided - slate to metasiltstone, locally limy beds and pods; interbedded with quartz-pebble metaconglomerate and metasandstone.

Lithology: slate; metasedimentary rock

Jackson and Claiborne Formations, undivided (Tertiary) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Jackson and Claiborne Formations, undivided; includes some rocks of Oligocene age

Lithology: sandstone; siltstone; shale

Unicoi Formation (Cambrian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Unicoi Formation - Sandstone and quartzite with phyllite, tuffaceous phyllite, conglomerate, and minor basalt.

Lithology: sandstone; quartzite; phyllite; conglomerate; basalt

Ocoee Supergroup, Great Smokey Group; Rich Butt Sandstone (Late Proterozoic) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Rich Butt Sandstone - feldspathic; interbedded with dark argillaceous layers and laminae. Stratigraphic position uncertain.

Lithology: sandstone

Longview Dolomite (Ordovician) at surface, covers 0.1 % of this area

Longview Dolomite - Siliceous, gray, fine-grained, medium-bedded dolomite; interbeds of gray limestone in upper part. Thickness about 300 feet.

Lithology: dolostone (dolomite); limestone

Cross Mountain Formation (Pennsylvanian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Cross Mountain Formation - Mostly shale, interbedded with sandstone, siltstone, and thin coal beds; base at top of Frozen Head Sandstone. Maximum preserved thickness 270 feet.

Lithology: shale; sandstone; siltstone; coal

Ocoee Supergroup, Great Smokey Group; Anakeesta Formation (Late Proterozoic) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Anakeesta Formation - slate to schist, dark gray, graphitic and sulfidic; includes interbedded argillaceous, feldspathic metagraywacke.

Lithology: slate; schist; metasedimentary rock

Nichols Shale (Cambrian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Chilhowee Group; Nichols Shale - Olive-gray to green, silty and sandy, micaceous shale and siltstone; local lenses of fine-grained feldspathic quartzite. Thickness about 700 feet.

Lithology: shale; siltstone; quartzite

Tuscumbia Limestone (Mississippian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Tuscumbia Limestone - Light-gray limestone, partly oolitic near top; fine to very coarse-grained bioclastic crinoidal limestone common; light-gray chert nodules and concretions are scattered throughout and are abundant locally. The apparent thickness of the formation in this province varies due to differential dissolution of the carbonate in the unit.

Lithology: limestone; chert

Stones River Group; Pierce Limestone and Murfreesboro Limestone (Ordovician) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Stones River Group; Pierce Limestone - Gray, thin-bedded limestone with shale partings. Thickness 25 feet; and Murfreesboro Limestone - Thick-bedded, dark-gray, fine-grained limestone, with mottlings of magnesian limestone; somewhat cherty in upper part. Maximum exposed thickness 70 feet.

Lithology: limestone; shale

Upper and Middle Ordovician Formations Undivided (Ordovician) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Upper and Middle Ordovician Formations Undivided - Includes: Oun, Ous, Ou, Om, Okpl, Oeln, Oml, Ols.

Lithology: shale; sandstone; mudstone; limestone; siltstone; graywacke; chert

Tuscaloosa Formation (Upper Cretaceous) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Tuscaloosa Formation

Lithology: conglomerate; gravel

Bakersville Gabbro (Precambrian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Bakersville Gabbro - Metagabbro, dark, porphyritic; contains diorite, basalt, anorthosite, and diabase; occurs as thin to massive dikes and lenticular masses.

Lithology: gabbro; diorite; basalt; anorthosite; diabase

Chilhowee Group; Cochran Conglomerate (Cambrian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Chilhowee Gourp; Cochran Conglomerate - Quartz-pebble conglomerate, gray pebbly arkose, siltstone and shale; irregular bedding, scour features, crossbedding common; maroon micaceous arkose and shale near middle and base. Thickness about 1,200 feet.

Lithology: conglomerate; arkose; sandstone; siltstone; shale

Eutaw Formation (Cretaceous) at surface, covers 0.4 % of this area

Eutaw Formation - Grayish-green sand, fine-grained, glauconitic, micaceous; interbedded with gray laminated clays which commonly contain carbonized or silicified wood. (Mapped with Coffee except in Hardin County and southeastern Decatur County.) Thickness 0 to 180 feet; thins northward

Lithology: sand; clay or mud

Greasy Cove Formation, includes Grainger Formation (Mississippian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Greasy Cove Formation, includes Grainger Formation- Gray argillaceous limestone, calcareous shale, siltstone, and fine-grained sandstone. Equivalent to Newman Limestone. Maximum preserved thickness about 400 feet.

Lithology: limestone; sandstone; shale; siltstone

Chilhowee Group; Murray Shale (Cambrian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Chilhowee Group; Murray Shale - Shale, silty, sandy, dull-green to brown, micaceous. Thickness about 500 feet.

Lithology: shale

Cades Sandstone (Precambrian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Cades Sandstone - Gray, well-bedded, fine- to medium-grained feldspathic metasandstone, with interbeds of dark slate and metasiltstone; precise stratigraphic position unknown. Thickness about 1,500 feet.

Lithology: metasedimentary rock

Granodioritic Gneiss (Middle Proterozoic) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Granodioritic Gneiss (1175 my) - unconformity; greenish gray to pinkish gray, porphyroclastic to mylonitic; epidote, sericite, and chlorite common.

Lithology: granitic gneiss

St. Genevieve Limestone (Mississippian) at surface, covers 0.3 % of this area

St. Genevieve Limestone - Gray limestone, slightly oolitic and cherty, with some green shale and fine-grained sandstone. Maximum preserved thickness 70 feet. (In Western Highland Rim area only.)

Lithology: limestone; shale; sandstone

Shady Dolomite (Cambrian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Shady Dolomite - light gray, fine grained, massive, locally thin bedded or ribboned.

Lithology: dolostone (dolomite)

Ocoee Supergroup; Great Smokey Group, undivided (Late Proterozoic) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Great Smokey Group, undivided - thick metasedimentary sequence of massive to graded beds of metagraywacke and metasiltstone with interbedded graphitic and sulfidic slate and schist.

Lithology: metasedimentary rock; slate; schist

Alluvium - Alluvial deposits in major stream channels or in mappable meanders of major streams (Phanerozoic | Cenozoic | Quaternary | Holocene) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Alluvial deposits in major stream channels or in mappable meanders of major streams - Includes alluvial deposits in natural levees in some areas.

Lithology: alluvium

Ocoee Supergroup, Great Smokey Group; Boyd Gap Formation (Late Proterozoic) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Boyd Gap Formation - dark gray, highly-sulfidic slate and metasiltstone interbedded and gradational with metagraywacke. Stratigraphic position uncertain. In Cherokee County includes upper part of Buck Bald Formation.

Lithology: slate; metasedimentary rock

Nolichucky and Honaker Formations (Cambrian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Nolichucky and Honaker Formations - Dolomitic shale; dolomite and minor chert.

Lithology: shale; dolostone (dolomite); chert

Walden Creek Group, including Sandsuck Formation, Wilhite Formation, Shields Formation, and Licklog Formation (Cambrian) at surface, covers 1 % of this area

Walden Creek Group - The formations, other than the Sandsuck, are applicable mainly in the region of the Great Smoky Mountains. Thickness about 8,000 feet, Includes Sandsuck Formation - Olive-green and gray, argillaceous, micaceous shale with coarse feldspathic sandstone and quartz- pebble conglomerate. Thickness about 2,000 feet; Wilhite Formation - Gray to green siltstone and slate with interbeds of pebble conglomerate, sandstone, and quartzite. Thickness about 4,000 feet; Shields Formation - Massive conglomerate, sandstone, argillaceous slate; conglomerate (pebbles of various rock types) characteristic. Thickness about 1,500 feet.; Licklog Formation - Feldspathic sandstone, greenish phyllite, and bluish-gray slate. Thickness about 1,500 feet.

Lithology: shale; siltstone; sandstone; conglomerate; slate; quartzite; phyllite

Brallier Formation (Devonian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Brallier Formation - Micaceous shale, siltstone, and sandstone.

Lithology: shale; siltstone; sandstone

Greenbrier Limestone (Mississippian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Greenbrier Limestone - Limestone, in part cherty, fossiliferous; shale.

Lithology: limestone; shale; chert; dolostone (dolomite)

Konnarock Formation (Proterozoic Z) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Konnarock Formation - Maroon diamictite, rhythmite, and arkose.

Lithology: sedimentary breccia; arkose

Maccrady Shale and Price Formation (Mississippian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Maccrady Shale and Price Formation - Includes: Maccrady Shale: Dusky-red and green shale and mudstone; and evaporite deposits. Price Formation: Sandstone, conglomeratic sandstone, and shale with carbonaceous partings and impure coal beds.

Lithology: sandstone; shale; mudstone; coal; evaporite

Ocoee Supergroup, Great Smokey Group; Phyllite (Late Proterozoic) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Phyllite - dark olive gray, graphitic and sulfidic.

Lithology: phyllite

Fort Payne Chert (Mississippian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Fort Payne Chert - Very light to light-olive-gray, thin to thick-bedded fine to coarse-grained bioclastic (abundant pelmatozoans) limestone containing abundant nodules, lenses and beds of light to dark-grey chert. Upper part of formation locally consists of light-bluish-gray laminated siltstone containing vugs lined or filled with quartz and scattered throughout the formation are interbeds of medium to greenish-gray shale, shaly limestone and siltstone. Commonly present below the Fort Payne is a light-olive-gray claystone or shale (Maury Formation) which is mapped with the Fort Payne. The apparent thickness of the Fort Payne in this province varies due to differnetial dissolution of carbonate in the formation.

Lithology: limestone; chert; siltstone; shale; claystone

Chilhowee Group; Lower Chilhowee (Cambrian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Lower Chilhowee - feldspathic arenite, white to yellowish gray. Minor silty shale, feldspathic siltstone, and conglomerate in lower part. Includes Unicoi Formation of Hot Springs window.

Lithology: arenite; shale; siltstone; conglomerate

Pennington Formation (Paragon Formation), Bangor Limestone, Hartselle Formation, and Kidder Limestone Member of Monteagle Limestone, undivided (Mississippian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Pennington Formation (Paragon Formation), Bangor Limestone, Hartselle Formation, and Kidder Limestone Member of Monteagle Limestone, undivided

Lithology: limestone; shale; sandstone

Moccasin or Bays Formation through Blackford Formation (Ordovician) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Moccasin or Bays Formation through Blackford Formation - Dusky-red shale and mudstone; sandstone; limestone, in part cherty; and calcareous shale.

Lithology: shale; mudstone; sandstone; limestone; chert

Owl Creek Formation (Cretaceous) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Owl Creek Formation - Sandy clay, greenish gray, glauconitic, fossiliferous; merges northward into unfossiliferous clays and sands. Thickness 0 to about 40 feet.

Lithology: clay or mud; sand

Ordovician Formations including Richmond Group (Mannie Shale, Fernvale Limestone), and Nashville Group (Hermitage Formation) (Ordovician) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Ordovician Formations - Richmond Group (including Mannie Shale - Shale with thin beds of argillaceous limestone. Thickness 0 to 20 feet and Fernvale Limestone - Thick-bedded, coarse-grained limestone with vari-colored grains. Thickness 0 to 20 feet). and Nashville Group (including Hermitage Formation - Gray shale and thin-bedded to laminated, sandy and argillaceous limestone. Maximum exposed thickness 80 feet.)

Lithology: limestone; shale

Conococheague Formation (Cambrian-Ordovician) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Conococheague Formation - Limestone, dolomite, and calcareous sandstone.

Lithology: limestone; dolostone (dolomite); sandstone

Cumberland Formation and Leipers and Catheys (?) Limestones, undivided (Ordovician) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Cumberland Formation and Leipers and Catheys (?) Limestones, undivided; in southernmost Kentucky

Lithology: limestone; dolostone (dolomite); shale

Ocoee Supergroup, Great Smokey Group; Wehutty Formation (Late Proterozoic) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Wehutty Formation - slate to schist, dark gray, graphitic and sulfidic; includes mica schist, metagraywacke, and metaconglomerate.

Lithology: slate; schist; metasedimentary rock

Biotite Granitic Gneiss (Middle Proterozoic) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Biotite Granitic Gneiss - unconformity; pinkish gray to light gray, massive to well-foliated, granitic to quartz monzonitic; includes variably mylonitized orthogneiss and paragneiss, interlayered amphibolite, calc-silicate rock, and marble. Includes granites of the Bryson City area, Straight Fork window, and Elk Park Plutonic Suite.

Lithology: granitic gneiss; amphibolite; calc-silicate rock; marble

Lee Formation (Mississippian to Pennsylvanian ) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Lee Formation

Lithology: conglomerate; sandstone; siltstone; shale; coal

Mount Rogers Formation; Metafelsite (Late Proterozoic) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Metafelsite (820 my) - light-colored porphyritic extrusive rock.

Lithology: felsic metavolcanic rock

Great Smoky Group, including Anakeesta Formation, Thunderhead Sandstone, and Elkmont Sandstone (Precambrian) at surface, covers 1 % of this area

Great Smoky Group - Characterized by very massive layers of coarse graywacke and arkose. The formations have been mapped only in the region of the Great Smoky Mountains. Near Ducktown, in ascending order, the Copperhill, Hughes Gap, Hothouse, and Dean Formations are recognized. Thickness 14,000 to about 40,000 feet. Includes Anakeesta Formation - Dark-gray, bluish-gray, and black slate with dark-gray interbeds of fine-grained sandstone. Thickness 3,000 to 4,500 feet; Thunderhead Sandstone - Coarse, gray feldspathic sandstone, graywacke, and conglomerate; occurs in massive ledges; graded bedding and blue quartz characteristic. Thickness 5,500 to 6,300 feet; Elkmont Sandstone - Coarse to fine, gray feldspathic sandstone, graywacke, and fine conglomerate; generally finer grained beds in lower part; graded bedding typical. Thickness 1,000 to 8,000 feet

Lithology: graywacke; arkose; slate; sandstone; conglomerate

Ocoee Supergroup, Snowbird Group; Pigeon Siltstone (Late Proterozoic) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Pigeon Siltstone - thin bedded to laminated, commonly cross-bedded, metamorphosed; locally includes argillite and calcareous and arkeritic metasiltstone grading to silty metalimestone.

Lithology: siltstone; metasedimentary rock; limestone; argillite

Slatestone Formation (Pennsylvanian) at surface, covers 0.9 % of this area

Slatestone Formation - Shale, sandstone, siltstone, and several important coals; from Jellico coal to Poplar Creek coal. Thickness 500 to 650 feet.

Lithology: shale; sandstone; siltstone; coal

Red Mountain Formation (Silurian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Red Mountain Formation

Lithology: sandstone; shale

Maryville Limestone (Cambrian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Maryville Limestone - Gray, ribboned (silt and dolomite), fine-grained, evenly bedded limestone; intraformational conglomerate and oolitic layers common; clay shale and light-gray dolomite locally. Thickness 300 to 800 feet.

Lithology: limestone; conglomerate; dolostone (dololmite)

Laurel Dolomite, Osgood Formation, and Brassfield Dolomite, undivided (Silurian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Laurel Dolomite, Osgood Formation, and Brassfield Dolomite, undivided

Lithology: dolostone (dolomite); shale

Grainger Formation (Mississippian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Grainger Formation - Gray to green shale with siltstone and fine-grained glauconitic sandstone; in some areas quartz-pebble conglomerate. Thickness about 1,200 feet.

Lithology: shale; siltstone; sandstone; conglomerate

Silurian Formations Undivided (Silurian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Silurian Formations Undivided - Some landslides with intact stratigraphic units in Giles County area. Includes: Dsu, Skrt, Sm. (Shrc?)

Lithology: sandstone; shale; limestone; arenite; conglomerate

Ashe Metamorphic Suite and Tallulah Falls Formation; Amphibolite (Late Proterozoic) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Amphibolite - equigranular, massive to well foliated, interlayered, rarely discordant, metamorphosed intrusive to extrusive mafic rock; may include metasedimentary rock.

Lithology: amphibolite; metasedimentary rock

Mount Rogers Formation - Conglomerate, graywacke, laminated siltstone, and shale. (Proterozoic Z) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Mount Rogers Formation - Conglomerate, graywacke, laminated siltstone, and shale.

Lithology: conglomerate; graywacke; siltstone; shale; greenstone; rhyolite

Shady Dolomite (Cambrian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Shady Dolomite - Dolomite.

Lithology: dolostone (dolomite); limestone; shale

Ocoee Supergroup, Great Smokey Group; Slate of Copperhill Formation (Late Proterozoic) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Slate of Copperhill Formation - slate to phyllite, dark gray, graphitic, sulfidic; includes metagraywacke with local graded bedding.

Lithology: slate; phyllite; metasedimentary rock

Jonesboro Limestone (Ordovician) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Jonesboro Limestone - Dark bluish-gray, ribboned (silt and dolomite) limestone; numerous interbeds of dark-gray dolomite; quartz sandstone at base. Erosional unconformity at top. Thickness about 2,000 feet.

Lithology: limestone; dolostone (dolomite); sandstone

Hancock, Rose Hill, and Clinch Formations (Silurian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Hancock, Rose Hill, and Clinch Formations - Limestone and dolomite; dusky-red and green shale and sandstone; and sandstone, shale and conglomerate.

Lithology: shale; siltstone; sandstone; dolostone (dolomite); limestone; conglomerate

Chattanooga Shale and Wildcat Valley Sandstone (Devonian-Mississippian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Chattanooga Shale and Wildcat Valley Sandstone - Black, fissile shale and siltstone; calcareous sandstone

Lithology: black shale; siltstone; sandstone

Nolichucky and Maryville Formations, Rogersville Shale, and Rutledge Formation (Cambrian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Nolichucky and Maryville Formations, Rogersville Shale, and Rutledge Formation - Calcareous shale, limestone, and dolomite.

Lithology: shale; limestone; dolostone (dolomite); siltstone; sandstone

Rome Formation (Cambrian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Rome Formation - shale and siltstone, variegated red to brown; interbedded fine-grained sandstone and shaly dolomite.

Lithology: shale; siltstone; sandstone; dolostone (dolomite)

Elbrook Formation (Cambrian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Elbrook Formation - Dolomite, shale, and minor limestone.

Lithology: dolostone (dolomite); limestone; shale; siltstone

Mississippian, Silurian, Devonian, and Ordovician Formations - containing all or portions of the Newman, Fort Payne, Chattanooga, Rockwood, and Sequatchie formations. (Mississippian to Ordovician) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Mississippian, Silurian, Devonian, and Ordovician Formations - Structurally complex area containing all or portions of the Newman, Fort Payne, Chattanooga, Rockwood, and Sequatchie formations.

Lithology: shale; limestone; chert; siltstone; sandstone; black shale

Chilhowee Group (Cambrian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Chilhowee Group - Appalachian Plateaus and Valley and Ridge: Quartzite, conglomerate, feldspathic sandstone, phyllite, and minor ferruginous sandstone and volcanic rocks. Blue Ridge Anticlinorium: Conglomerate, quartzite, metasiltstone, and phyllite.

Lithology: quartzite; conglomerate; sandstone; phyllite; meta-argillite; volcanic rock (aphanitic)

Alluvial deposits (Quaternary) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Alluvial Deposits - Sand, silt, clay, and gravel. As much as 60 feet thick in flood plains of Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers; in smaller streams generally less than 20 feet thick.

Lithology: sand; silt; clay or mud; gravel

Warsaw Limestone (Mississippian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Warsaw Limestone; west of Christian County

Lithology: limestone

Mascot and Kingsport Dolomites (Ordovician) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Mascot and Kingsport Dolomites - Dolomite, chert, and minor limestone.

Lithology: dolostone (dolomite); chert; limestone

Sequatchie Formation, Reedsville Shale, Trenton Limestone, Eggleston Formation (Ordovician) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Sequatchie Formation, Reedsville Shale, Trenton Limestone, Eggleston Formation - Shale, siltstone, limestone, and sandstone.

Lithology: shale; siltstone; limestone; sandstone

Ocoee Supergroup, Snowbird Group, undivided (Late Proterozoic) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Snowbird Group, undivided - feldspathic metasiltstone, metasandstone, and phyllite. Basal schist contains lenses of quartz-pebble conglomerate.

Lithology: metasedimentary rock; phyllite; schist; conglomerate

Rogersville Shale (Cambrian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Rogersville Shale - Light-green, fissile clay shale; in places limestone (Craig Member) in upper part. Commonly 25 to 80 feet thick; maximum thickness 250 feet.

Lithology: shale; limestone

Sneedville Limestone (Devonian to Silurian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Sneedville Limestone - Gray silty limestone and dolomite, minor shale, and fine-grained, greenish-gray sandstone; fossils locally abundant. Thickness 100 to 300 feet.

Lithology: limestone; dolostone (dolomite); shale; sandstone

Knobs Formation, Paperville Shale, Lenoir and Mosheim Limestone (Ordovician) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Knobs Formation, Paperville Shale, Lenoir and Mosheim Limestone - Sandstone, conglomerate, siltstone; black, fissile shale; and limestone, in part cherty.

Lithology: sandstone; conglomerate; siltstone; black shale; limestone; chert

Rich Butt Sandstone (Precambrian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Rich Butt Sandstone - Gray, massive beds of feldspathic, fine- to medium-grained sandstone, with interbeds of dark slate and arkosic conglomerate; exact stratigraphic position unknown. Thickness about 1,500 feet.

Lithology: sandstone; slate; conglomerate

Newala Limestone (Ordovician) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Newala Limestone

Lithology: limestone

Pennington Formation, Newman Limestone, Fort Payne Chert, Grainger Formation, Sunbury Shale, Berea Sandstone, and Bedford Shale, undivided; Pennington Formation locally includes sandstone tongue of Lee Formation (Devonian to Pennsylvanian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Pennington Formation, Newman Limestone, Fort Payne Chert, Grainger Formation, Sunbury Shale, Berea Sandstone, and Bedford Shale, undivided; Pennington Formation locally includes sandstone tongue of Lee Formation

Lithology: limestone; sandstone; siltstone; shale; conglomerate; chert; dolostone (dolomite); black shale

Mississippian Formations Undivided (Mississippian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Mississippian Formations Undivided - Includes Pennington Group, Bluefield Formation, Greenbrier Limestone, Maccrady Shale and Price Formation; Includes Newman Limestone, Fort Payne Chert, and Grainger Formation in western Lee County

Lithology: shale; limestone; sandstone; siltstone; dolostone (dolomite); conglomerate; mudstone; arenite; coal; evaporite; chert

Chilhowee Group, including Erwin Formation, Hesse Sandstone, Murray Shale, Nebo Sandstone, Nichols Shale, Cochran Conglomerate, Hampton Formation, and Unicoi Formation (Cambrian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Chilhowee Group - Conformable sequence of dominantly clastic sediments. Thickness 3,000 to 7,500 feet; including Erwin Formation - White, vitreous quartzite, massive, with interbeds of dark-green silty and sandy shale, minor siltstone, and very fine-grained sandstone. Thickness 1,000 to 1,500 feet; Hesse Sandstone - White, vitreous quartzite, medium- to coarse-grained, occurs in massive ledges; Helenmode Member at top is gray to greenish sandstone and shale. Thickness about 600 feet; Murray Shale - Shale, silty, sandy, dull-green to brown, micaceous. Thickness about 500 feet; Nebo Sandstone - Medium-bedded, fine-grained, white, vitreous quartzite, in part feldspathic. Thickness 250 feet; Nichols Shale - Olive-gray to green, silty and sandy, micaceous shale and siltstone; local lenses of fine-grained feldspathic quartzite. Thickness about 700 feet; Cochran Conglomerate - Quartz-pebble conglomerate, gray pebbly arkose, siltstone and shale; irregular bedding, scour features, crossbedding common; maroon micaceous arkose and shale near middle and base. Thickness about 1,200 feet; Hampton Formation - Dark greenish-gray, silty and sandy, micaceous shale; numerous layers of medium-grained, feldspathic, thinly bedded sandstone. Thickness 500 to 2,000 feet; Unicoi Formation - Sequence of gray feldspathic sandstone, arkose, conglomerate, graywacke, siltstone and shale; greenish amygdaloidal basalt flows near middle and base. Thickness 2,000 to 5,000 feet.

Lithology: shale; quartzite; siltstone; sandstone; arkose; conglomerate; basalt

Clayton and McNairy Formations, undivided (Paleocene to Upper Cretaceous) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Clayton and McNairy Formations, undivided

Lithology: sandstone; shale

Beekmantown Group (Ordovician) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Beekmantown Group - Dolomite, limestone, and chert. Includes Pinesburg Station Dolomite, Rockdale Run Formation, Beekmantown Formation, Stonehenge Limestone, and Chepultepec Formation.

Lithology: dolostone (dolomite); limestone; chert

Mount Rogers Group including Bakersville Gabbro, Beech Granite, Cranberry Granite, and Roan Gneiss (Precambrian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Mount Rogers Group - Metavolcanics, typically purplish and reddish; massive lavas and tuffs, altered rhyolites and quartz latites; strongly foliated; interbedded arkose, shale, and conglomerate. Thickness 1,000 to 3,000 feet; Includes Bakersville Gabbro - Metagabbro, dark, porphyritic; contains diorite, basalt, anorthosite, and diabase; occurs as thin to massive dikes and lenticular masses; Beech Granite - Granite, porphyritic, light-gray to reddish; coarse potash feldspar crystals and clustered interstitial mafics (chloritized biotite and hornblende) give spotted appearance; includes Max Patch Granite; Cranberry Granite - Complex of intertonguing rock types including migmatite, granitic gneisses, monzonite, quartz diorite, greenstone, mica and hornblende schists, abundant granitic pegmatite; and Roan Gneiss - Layered hornblende and garnet gneiss and granitic migmatite with zones of mica schist and amphibolite, foliation commonly contorted; contains numerous granitic and gabbroic dikes.

Lithology: granite; gabbro; gneiss; schist; amphibolite; monzonite; diorite; basalt; anorthosite; migmatite

Porters Creek Clay (Paleocene) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Porters Creek Clay

Lithology: clay or mud

Migmatitic Biotite-Hornblende Gneisses (Middle Proterozoic) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Migmatitic Biotite-Hornblende Gneisses (1214 my) - unconformity; layered biotite-granite gneiss, biotite-hornblende gneiss, amphibolite, calc-silicate rock; locally contains relict granulite facies rock.

Lithology: gneiss; amphibolite; calc-silicate rock; granulite

Corbin Sandstone Member of Lee Formation (Pennsylvanian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Corbin Sandstone Member of Lee Formation

Lithology: sandstone; conglomerate

Ordovician Breccia (Ordovician) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Ordovician Breccia - Angular to subrounded fragments of limestone ranging in size from a fraction of an inch to several feet.

Lithology: tectonic breccia; limestone

Chickamauga Group undivided (Ordovician) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Chickamauga Group undivided

Lithology: limestone

Ocoee Supergroup, Snowbird Group; Wading Branch Formation (Late Proterozoic) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Wading Branch Formation - sandy slate to coarse-grained pebbly metagraywacke with local graded bedding. Basal quartz-sericite schist or phyllite.

Lithology: slate; metasedimentary rock; sand; schist; phyllite

Juniata, Reedsville, Trenton, and Eggleston Formations (Ordovician) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Juniata, Reedsville, Trenton, and Eggleston Formations - Dusky-red shale and mudstone and sandstone; shale and limestone. Note: one area in southeastern Bland County has landslides with intact stratigraphic units.

Lithology: shale; mudstone; sandstone; limestone

Chilhowee Group; Upper Chilhowee (Cambrian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Upper Chilhowee - vitreous quartz arenite, white to light gray; interbedded sandy siltstone and shale. Erwin and Hampton formations of Hot Springs window.

Lithology: arenite; siltstone; shale; sand

Max Patch Granite (Late Proterozoic) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Max Patch Granite - mottled pink and light green, coarse grained to porphyritic, massive; contains biotite.

Lithology: granite

Rutledge Limestone (Cambrian) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Rutledge Limestone - Medium- to dark-gray, ribboned (silt and dolomite), medium-grained, well-bedded limestone; locally dark-gray, coarse-grained, medium-bedded dolomite in upper part. Thickness 100 to 500 feet.

Lithology: limestone; dolostone (dolomite)

Conococheague Limestone (Ordovician) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Conococheague Limestone - Well-bedded, ribboned (silt and dolomite), dark-gray limestone; interbeds of fine-grained, light- to dark-gray dolomite; sparingly cherty; cryptozoans typical. Thickness about 1,500 feet.

Lithology: limestone; dolostone (dolomite)