Waits River formation, Standing Pond Volcanic Member (VTDws;0)

State	Vermont
Name	Waits River formation, Standing Pond Volcanic Member
Geologic age	Devonian
Original map label	Dws
Comments	Part of Eastern Vermont Authors disagree with Hatch (1991) regarding age of Gile Mountain Formation, Waits River Formation, and Standing Pond Volcanic Member of Waits River Formation. The Standing Pond Volcanic Member occurs mostly along mapped Gile Mountain-Waits River contact. 70 km south of Ely, VT, a felsic dike dated as Middle Silurian by Aleinikoff and Karabinos (1990) intrudes the Standing Pond; this effectively dates the Waits River Formation as no younger than Middle Silurian. The overlying Gile Mountain Formation is tentatively assigned a Middle Silurian(?) to Early Devonian age. The Early Devonian part of its age is based on plant fossils in equivalent rocks 100 km to the north in Quebec, as reported by Hueber and others (1990) (Offield and others, 1993) per VT028.
Primary rock type	amphibolite
Secondary rock type	schist
Other rock types	greenstone
Lithologic constituents	Major Metamorphic > Schistcoarse garnet schist with fasciculitic hornblende, and hornblende maculite Metamorphic > Amphiboliteamphibolite, garnet amphibolite Minor Metamorphic > Metaigneous > GreenstoneContains pillow lavas near St. Johnsbury and passes eastward into actinolitic greenstone and greenstone south of Windsor.
Map references	Nicholson, S.W., Dicken, C.L., Horton, J.D., Foose, M.P., Mueller, J.A.L., and Hon, Rudi, 2006, Preliminary integrated geologic map databases for the United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Rhode Island, and Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1272. [http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20061272]
Unit references	Doll, C.G., Cady, W.M., Thompson, J.B., Jr., and Billings, M.P., 1961, Centennial Geologic Map of Vermont: Vermont Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Map MISCMAP-01, scale 1:250,000. Offield, T.W., Slack, J.F. and Wittenbrink, S.A., 1993, Structure and origin of the Ely copper deposit, east-central Vermont, IN Scott, R.W., Jr., Detra, P.S., and Berger, B.R., eds., Advances related to United States and international mineral resources; developing frameworks and exploration technologies: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin, 2039-F, p. 59-68. [http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/b2035]
Geographic coverage	Caledonia - Essex - Orange - Orleans - Windham - Windsor