Mineralogy

Branch of earth sciences concerned with the study of naturally occurring inorganic elements or compounds.
This category is also used for crystallography and gemology.


Results listed by similarity [list alphabetically]
Geochemistry, geochronology, mineralogy, and geology suggest sources of and controls on mineral systems in the southern Toquima Range, Nye County, Nevada

Geochemical analysis of rock samples in DBF tables from the PLUTO database. Maps are provided in PDF only.

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Rock Geochemistry and Mineralogy from Fault Zones and Polymetallic Fault Veins of the Central Front Range, Colorado

Data in this report will be used to better understand the processes that control epithermal mineral-deposit formation by attempting to relate the geochemistry of the primary structures that hosted hydrothermal fluid flow to their heat and fluid sources.

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A summary of data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Dasht-e-Nawar, Afghanistan, in support of lithium exploration, June-September 2014

USGS collaboration included providing analysis of Landsat imagery; gravity measurements of sediment and rock samples; oversight of passive seismic data collection and subsequent analysis; and analysis of the chemistry and mineralogy of subsurface samples.

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Acid-rock drainage at Skytop, Centre County, Pennsylvania, 2004

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An updated X-ray diffractogram library of geologic materials

An updated library of X-ray powder diffraction data intended for qualitative or full-pattern quantitative mineralogical analysis of geologic materials. These data are meant to accompany RockJock, a USGS program for quantitative analysis of mineralogy. However, this library of diffractograms may be used effectively for quantitative mineralogical analysis of geologic materials using other programs that utilize full-pattern summation. Data are provided in CSV format.

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Antimony

Antimony’s leading use is as a fire retardant in safety equipment and in household goods such as mattresses. The U.S. Government has considered antimony to be a critical mineral mainly because of its use in military applications.

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Barite (Barium)

Barite (barium sulfate, BaSO4) is vital to the oil and gas industry because it is a key constituent of the mud used to drill oil and gas wells. Elemental barium is an additive in optical glass, ceramic glazes, and other products.

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Beryllium

Beryllium is a mineral commodity that is used in a variety of industries to make products that are essential for the smooth functioning of a modern society.

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Carbonatite whole-rock and calcite geochemistry from the Bear Lodge alkaline complex, Wyoming and Mountain Pass mine, California

Whole-rock and calcite geochemical data are reported for twelve carbonatite samples collected from the Bear Lodge alkaline complex, a known occurrence of rare earth elements. Data are provided in CSV format.

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Characterization of Geologic Structures and Host Rock Properties Relevant to the Hydrogeology of the Standard Mine in Elk Basin, Gunnison County, Colorado

Geological and borehole geophysical data and observations collected to characterize the basin and its surface and groundwater flow systems with primary focus on the physical characteristics of the fault vein, related mine workings, and surrounding bedrock

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Characterization of mine waste at the Elizabeth copper mine, Orange County, Vermont

Preliminary information about the concentration, spatial distribution and mineral hosting of metals and other elements in solid materials at the Elizabeth copper mine after 50 years (or more) of weathering and oxidation.

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Cobalt

Cobalt is a silvery gray metal that has diverse uses due to its ferromagnetism, hardness and wear-resistance when alloyed with other metals, low thermal and electrical conductivity, high melting point, multiple valences, and color effects with silica.

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Corescan Hyperspectral Core Imager, Mark III system data collected for the characterization of mineral resources near Nabesna, Alaska, 2014-2016

Hyperspectral analysis of rock samples using this equipment provide information on the composition and morphology of the minerals in the rock in microscopic detail. Data are provided as imagery in various formats.

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Data for a Comprehensive Survey of Fault Zones, Breccias, and Fractures in and Flanking the Eastern Espanola Basin, Rio Grande Rift, New Mexico

Data and analyses from 53 individual fault zones and 22 other brittle structures, such as breccia zones, joints, and veins, investigated at a total of just over 100 sites. Includes geologic maps; field observations and measurements; orientation, kinematic paleostress analyses and modeling; statistical examination of 575 fault trace lengths; mineralogy and chemistry of host and fault rocks. Data are provided in shapefile and CSV formats.

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Data to accompany U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2020-3017: Pyrrhotite distribution in the conterminous United States

Distribution of the mineral pyrrhotite, an unstable sulfide mineral, across the conterminous United States, to help inform risk assessments. Data are provided in Esri file geodatabase, shapefile, and CSV formats.

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Databases and simplified geology for mineralized areas, claims, mines, and prospects in Wyoming.

This data release contains mineral resource and geology data for metallic and nonmetallic mineral sites in Wyoming. Data is provided in both spreadsheet format (Microsoft Excel) and in GIS ArcView and MapInfo. Text available in PDF format.

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Digital Data from Mineral Investigation of Sangre de Cristo Wilderness Study Area, Alamosa, Custer, Fremont, Huerfano, and Saguache Counties, Colorado, USA

Tabular and geospatial data digitized from a U.S. Bureau of Mines that presented results of a mineral resource potential survey in this area. Georeferenced scanned plates are provided in JPEG format, other data are provided in Esri file geodatabase, CSV, and shapefile formats.

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Digital map of iron sulfate minerals, other mineral groups, and vegetation of the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, and Four Corners Region derived from automated analysis of Landsat 8 satellite data

Multispectral remote sensing data acquired by the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensor were analyzed using a new, automated technique to generate a map of exposed mineral and vegetation groups in this area. Results are provided in ERDAS Imagine format.

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Electron microprobe analyses of hydrothermal muscovite crystals from gold-bearing quartz veins of the Klamath Mountains, California, 2014 and 2019

Geochemical results of in situ electron probe microanalyses of hydrothermal muscovite associated with gold-bearing quartz veins from this area. Data are provided in CSV and shapefile formats.

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Electron microprobe data for monazite and xenotime used in consideration of gold deposit formation models

Electron microprobe geochemical data that is used to showcase differences in phosphates when derived from magmatic-hydrothermal systems compared to metamorphic-hydrothermal systems to improve understanding of the mechanisms by which some mineral deposits were formed. Data are provide in CSV format.

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Electron microprobe geochemistry of apatite crystals in the iron oxide-apatite ores of the Adirondack Mountains, New York, 2016-2017

Electron microprobe analysis of apatite for major and minor element geochemistry. Apatite is the main rare earth element host in these deposits. Data are provided in CSV format.

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Electron Probe Microanalyses of apatite, rutile, and titanite from stream sediment and rock samples in the eastern Tanacross quadrangle, eastern Alaska

Electron probe data collected for apatite, rutile, and titanite to fingerprint porphyry-style mineralization near the Taurus deposit in eastern Alaska. Data are provided in CSV format.

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Estimates of mineral abundances based on Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data from mill tailings and other ore processing materials

Results of mineral abundance estimates based on Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of mill tailings and other ore processing materials from worldwide localities. Data are provided in CSV format.

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Examination of Libby, Montana, Fill Material for Background Levels of Amphibole from the Rainy Creek Complex Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis

Sample locations and descriptions, with compositional analysis to constrain the natural background levels of fibrous amphiboles potentially derived from the nearby Rainy Creek Complex.

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Field and Laboratory data of pipe scale forming in acid mine drainage pipelines at Iron Mountain and Leviathan Mines, California

Data from pipelines from 2012-2015, includes water chemistry of the acid mine drainage, mineralogy of pipe scale (by X-ray diffraction and chemical extractions), and laboratory experiment results. Data are provided in CSV format.

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Fluorine

Fluorine compounds are essential in numerous chemical and manufacturing processes. Fluorspar is the commercial name for fluorite (isometric CaF2), which is the only fluorine mineral that is mined on a large scale.

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Gallium

Gallium is a soft, silvery metallic element with an atomic number of 31 and the chemical symbol Ga. Gallium is used in a wide variety of products that have microelectronic components containing either gallium arsenide (GaAs) or gallium nitride (GaN).

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Geochemical analyses of surface water, groundwater and springs surrounding Mount Emmons near Crested Butte, Colorado (ver. 2.0, September 2020)

Inorganic chemical analysis of surface- and groundwater and springs in this area to understand natural versus anthropogenic inputs from mineralized and hydrothermally altered areas. Data are provided in Esri file geodatabase, CSV, and shapefile formats.

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Geochemical and mineral maps from soils of the conterminous United States: interactive web site

Interactive web site showing geochemical and mineralogical maps along with a histogram, boxplot, and empirical cumulative distribution function plot for each element or mineral whose data are provided in DS-801

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Geochemical and mineralogic characterization of solids and their effects on waters in metal-mining environments, in Seal, R.R., II, and Foley, N.K., eds., Progress on geoenvironmental models for selected mineral deposit types

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Geochemical and mineralogical analyses of uranium ores from the Hack II and Pigeon deposits, solution-collapse breccia pipes, Grand Canyon region, Mohave and Coconino Counties, Arizona, USA

Whole-rock geochemistry, X-ray diffraction, and electron microscopy analyses of samples collected from the uranium ore bodies of two mined-out deposits in this area to understand the formation of this type of mineral deposit. Data are provided in Microsoft Excel, CSV, and PDF reports.

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Geochemical and mineralogical characterization of the abandoned Valzinco (lead-zinc) and Mitchell (gold) mine sites prior to reclamation, Spotsylvania County, Virginia

Geochemical data for all solid sample media, along with mineralogical data, and results of weathering experiments on Valzinco tailings and field experiments on sediment accumulation in Knights Branch.

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Geochemical and mineralogical data for soils of the conterminous United States

Systematic geochemical and mineralogical survey of soil horizons analyzed using a consistent set of methods, sample spacing 1 per 1,600 sq km.

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Geochemical and mineralogical data for soils of the conterminous United States

Systematic geochemical and mineralogical survey of soil horizons analyzed using a consistent set of methods, sample spacing 1 per 1,600 sq km.

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Geochemical and mineralogical maps for soils of the conterminous United States

Geochemical and mineralogical maps along with a histogram, boxplot, and empirical cumulative distribution function plot for each element or mineral whose data are provided in DS-801

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Geochemical and mineralogical maps, with interpretation, for soils of the conterminous United States

Between 2007 and 2013, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a low-density (1 site per 1,600 square kilometers, 4,857 sites) geochemical and mineralogical survey of soils in the conterminous United States. The sampling protocol for the national-scale surve

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Geochemical and mineralogical study of the Red Mountain porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit and vicinity, Santa Cruz County, Arizona

Extensive core drilling has delineated a large, deep seated, structurally intact deposit here. Distribution of elements and minerals determined for this study provide a zoning model applicable to similar deposits and useful for resource exploration.

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Geochemical and Modal Data for Mesoproterozoic Igneous Rocks of the St. Francois Mountains, Southeast Missouri

A compilation of new and previously published geochemical and modal analyses of Mesoproterozoic igneous rocks in this area. Includes major and trace element geochemistry and mineralogical composition as well as sample locations and characteristics. Data for 618 unaltered samples and 549 altered samples are provided as Microsoft Excel and as tab-delimited text.

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Geochemical, mineralogical, and molecular scale speciation characterization of mine wastes from the Tar Creek Superfund Site, Tri-State Mining District, Oklahoma, U.S.A.

Concentration, mineral hosts, and speciation of germanium in mine wastes from this site. Data are provided in CSV format.

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Geologic and mineralogic controls on acid and metal-rich rock drainage in an alpine watershed, Handcard Gulch, Colorado

Mineralogical data on samples from the surface and from drill cores, with geological observations help to understand the hydrology and effects of geology on acid-rock drainage in a mineralized alpine watershed.

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Germanium and Indium

Germanium and indium are used in electronics devices, flat-panel display screens, light-emitting diodes, night vision devices, optical fiber, optical lens systems, and solar power arrays.

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Grain size, mineralogic, and trace-element data from field samples near Hinkley, California

Grain size distribution, photographic, and associated chemical and mineral analysis data for 36 sediment core and alluvium samples as well as SEM analysis on select grains from magnetic and heavy mineral separates collected in this area. Data are provided in CSV and JPEG formats with microprobe analyses presented as PDF reports with TIFF images.

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Graphite

Steelmaking and refractory applications in metallurgy use the largest amount of produced graphite; however, emerging technology uses in large-scale fuel cell, battery, and lightweight high-strength composites promise more uses.

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Hydrothermal Alteration Maps of the Central and Southern Basin and Range Province of the United States Compiled From Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Data

Maps and data showing the geographic distribution of surficial minerals likely produced by hydrothermal alteration, which may indicate areas permissive of gold and copper mineral deposits.

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HySpex© VNIR-1800 and SWIR-384 imaging spectrometer radiance and reflectance data, with associated ASD© FieldSpecⓇ NG calibration data, collected at Cripple Creek Victor mine, Cripple Creek, Colorado, 2017

Imaging spectrometer radiance data were acquired at this open-pit mine. Resulting images are provided in a binary format with associated .hdr files.

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Imaging spectrometer reflectance data, mineral predominance map, and white mica wavelength position map, Nabesna Quadrangle, Alaska

Reflectance, mineral predominance, and white mica wavelength position data calculated from an airborne hyperspectral imaging survey of this area using a HyMap sensor in 2014. Data are provided in a format generated by the ENVI software product, CSV, and GeoTiff.

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In situ geochemical data related to the gold-quartz veins of Grass Valley, California, 2014-2015

Geochemical data for pyrite crystals and native gold from two distinct vein sets in this area to better understand paragenesis of quartz veins in orogenic gold deposits. Data are provided in CSV format.

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Lead isotope determinations from sulfide mineral occurrences--Russian Far East

Data represent work completed when the study ended due to lack of funding. Geologic and site information on each specific deposit or occurrence are provided. Analytical and geologic data are summarized and site descriptions for samples analyzed are listed

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Lithium

Lithium, the lightest of all metals, is used in air treatment, batteries, ceramics, glass, metallurgy, pharmaceuticals, and polymers.

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Manganese

Manganese is used to make steel, where it serves as a purifying agent in iron-ore refining and as an alloy.

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Maps of hydrothermal alteration in the Basin and Range province of the US

Maps and data showing the geographic distribution of surficial minerals likely produced by hydrothermal alteration, which may indicate areas permissive of gold and copper mineral deposits.

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Mineral abundances within bulk and size-fractionated mine waste from the Tar Creek Superfund Site, Tri-State Mining District, Oklahoma, U.S.A.

Mineral abundances within bulk and size-fractionated mine waste from sampled historical waste piles from this area. Data are provided in CSV format.

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Mineralogical analyses of drill core samples from the Canyon uranium-copper deposit, a solution-collapse breccia pipe, Grand Canyon area, Coconino County, Arizona, USA

X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy analyses of drill core samples that typify the uranium-copper ore bodies of the Canyon deposit, to understand mineral deposits of this type. Data are provided in Microsoft Excel, CSV, and PDF report formats.

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Mineralogical and Chemical Data for Heavy-Mineral Concentrate Samples Collected in the Taylor Mountains Quadrangle, Alaska, 2004-2008

Geochemical and mineralogical measurements of 819 samples of heavy mineral concentrates. Data are provided in CSV format.

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Miscellaneous geochemical data from waters in the Upper Animas River Watershed, Colorado

This report releases data for waters in which naturally occurring acid-rock drainage occurs but acid-mine drainage from historical mining continues to contribute dissolved metals further degrading preexisting water quality.

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Niobium and Tantalum

Niobium and tantalum are found together in nature because they have similar physical and chemical properties. Niobium is used in high-strength steel alloys, while tantalum is used in electronic capacitors.

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Occurrence and variability of mining-related lead and zinc in the Spring River flood plain and tributary flood plains, Cherokee County, Kansas, 2009--11

One hundred years of historical mining has resulted in substantial ongoing input of cadmium, lead, and zinc into the environment. This surficial-soil sampling and coring study provides information needed to support remediation efforts.

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Oxide and cation compositions of feldspar grains from drill core of the Duluth Complex, Minnesota

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Particle size characterization of water-elutriated Libby amphibole 2000 and RTI International amosite

Morphological data on fibrous mineral particles from an old vermiculite mine that has been a subject of environmental health investigations

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Platinum-Group Elements

The platinum-group elements (PGEs)—platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, and osmium—are metals that have similar physical and chemical properties and tend to occur together in nature. PGEs are indispensable to many industrial applications.

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Rare-Earth Elements

Because of their unusual physical and chemical properties, the REEs have diverse defense, energy, industrial, and military technology applications including glass, petroleum refining, automobiles, and magnets.

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Reconnaissance soil geochemistry at the Riverton Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Site, Fremont County, Wyoming

The site, on the Wind River Indian Reservation, has Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapahoe tribes concerned about groundwater and soil contamination. This effort studies geochemical soil variation and compares concentrations with levels established by EPA

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Rhenium

Rhenium is a rare metal that has an extremely high melting point and a heat-stable crystalline structure. It is used in high-temperature superalloys, to make turbine blades for jet aircraft engines and is a catalyst for petroleum refining.

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Sediment-hosted stratabound copper deposit model

This report describes key features; identifies tectonic-sedimentary environments; illustrates geochemical, geophysical, and geoenvironmental characteristics; evaluates deposit formation; presents exploration and assessment guides; and lists knowledge gaps

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Selenium

Selenium is a trace element in Earth's crust. Modern uses for selenium include energy-efficient windows that limit heat transfer and thin-film photovoltaic cells that convert solar energy into electricity.

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Solid-phase data from cores at the proposed Dewey Burdock uranium in-situ recovery mine, near Edgemont, South Dakota

Geochemical and mineralogical analysis of uranium-bearing sandstone in order to help understand mineral deposits of this type.

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Spectroscopy of Expanded Vermiculite Products and Insulation

Descriptions and analytical data (electron microprobe, X-ray diffraction, spectral reflectance, and scanning electron microprobe analyses) for unexpanded and expanded vermiculite samples, a mineral product with commercial applications. Data are provided in CSV format. Descriptions of the samples are provided as PDF reports.

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Synthesis of petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic data for the Boulder batholith, southwest Montana

Geochemical and mineralogical analyses of plutonic rock samples

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Table of Electron Probe Microanalyses of Native Copper and Sulfide Minerals from the White Pine Sediment-hosted Copper Deposit, Michigan

Electron microprobe geochemical data to evaluate whether unconventional critical element resources may be associated with sediment-hosted copper systems in this area. Data are provided in CSV format.

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Tables of electron probe microanalyses from the Copperwood sediment-hosted stratiform copper deposit, Michigan, USA

Electron microprobe analyses of ore minerals from this deposit in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Minerals include bornite, chalcocite, native copper, native silver, and pyrite, analyzed for Ag, As, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb, S, Sb, and Zn. Data are provided in CSV format.

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Tellurium

Tellurium is a rare element obtained as a byproduct of mining for other commodities whose main uses are in photovoltaic solar cells and as an additive to copper, lead, and steel alloys in various types of machinery.

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Tin

Tin (Sn) is one of the first metals to be used by humans. Almost without exception, tin is used as an alloy. Its major uses today are for cans and containers, construction materials, transportation materials, and solder.

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Titanium

Titanium colors paint, paper, plastic, rubber, and wallboard. Because of its strength and corrosion resistance, titanium metal and its alloys are used in the aerospace industry as well as for welding rod coatings, biological implants, and consumer goods.

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U-Pb SHRIMP and 40Ar/39Ar geochronologic data and backscatter electron (BSE) and panchromatic cathodoluminescent (CL) imagery of sample materials for study of dikes, country rock, and alteration systems, Butte, U.S.A.

Geochronological data using several different techniques, for a multidisciplinary study of dikes, country rock, and alteration systems in which mineral deposits may form. Data are provided in Esri file geodatabase, shapefile, Microsoft Excel, and CSV formats.

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Users guide to Handlens--A computer program that calculates the chemistry of minerals in mixtures

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Vanadium

Vanadium is used primarily in the production of steel alloys; as a catalyst for the chemical industry; in the making of ceramics, glasses, and pigments; and in vanadium redox-flow batteries (VRBs) for large-scale storage of electricity.

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Weathering and transport of chromium and nickel from serpentinite in the Coast Range ophiolite to the Sacramento Valley, California, USA

Investigates Cr and Ni geochemistry providing insight into the mobility and bioaccessibility of these toxic trace elements throughout northern California and perhaps the origin of elevated dissolved Cr(VI) concentrations in the western Sacramento Valley

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Whole-rock and sulfide-mineral geochemical data for samples from volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits of the Bonnifield district, east-central Alaska

The data consist of major- and trace-element whole-rock geochemical analyses and major- and trace-element analyses of sulfide minerals determined by electron microprobe and laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) techniques

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X-ray diffraction data of sediment samples from Hastings, Nebraska

X-ray diffraction data on sediment core samples collected in this area to inform aquifer sediment composition, mineralogical composition of operationally defined size fractions, and geochemical modeling. Data are provided in CSV format.

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Zirconium and Hafnium

Zirconium and hafnium are corrosion-resistant metals that are widely used in the chemical and nuclear industries. Most zirconium is consumed in the form of the main ore mineral zircon or as zirconium oxide or other zirconium chemicals.

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