Antimony’s leading use is as a fire retardant in safety equipment and in household goods such as mattresses. The U.S. Government has considered antimony to be a critical mineral mainly because of its use in military applications.

An updated library of X-ray powder diffraction data intended for qualitative or full-pattern quantitative mineralogical analysis of geologic materials. These data are meant to accompany RockJock, a USGS program for quantitative analysis of mineralogy. However, this library of diffractograms may be used effectively for quantitative mineralogical analysis of geologic materials using other programs that utilize full-pattern summation. Data are provided in CSV format.

USGS collaboration included providing analysis of Landsat imagery; gravity measurements of sediment and rock samples; oversight of passive seismic data collection and subsequent analysis; and analysis of the chemistry and mineralogy of subsurface samples.

Barite (barium sulfate, BaSO4) is vital to the oil and gas industry because it is a key constituent of the mud used to drill oil and gas wells. Elemental barium is an additive in optical glass, ceramic glazes, and other products.

Beryllium is a mineral commodity that is used in a variety of industries to make products that are essential for the smooth functioning of a modern society.

Whole-rock and calcite geochemical data are reported for twelve carbonatite samples collected from the Bear Lodge alkaline complex, a known occurrence of rare earth elements. Data are provided in CSV format.

Geological and borehole geophysical data and observations collected to characterize the basin and its surface and groundwater flow systems with primary focus on the physical characteristics of the fault vein, related mine workings, and surrounding bedrock

Preliminary information about the concentration, spatial distribution and mineral hosting of metals and other elements in solid materials at the Elizabeth copper mine after 50 years (or more) of weathering and oxidation.

Cobalt is a silvery gray metal that has diverse uses due to its ferromagnetism, hardness and wear-resistance when alloyed with other metals, low thermal and electrical conductivity, high melting point, multiple valences, and color effects with silica.

Hyperspectral analysis of rock samples using this equipment provide information on the composition and morphology of the minerals in the rock in microscopic detail. Data are provided as imagery in various formats.

This data release contains mineral resource and geology data for metallic and nonmetallic mineral sites in Wyoming. Data is provided in both spreadsheet format (Microsoft Excel) and in GIS ArcView and MapInfo. Text available in PDF format.

Data and analyses from 53 individual fault zones and 22 other brittle structures, such as breccia zones, joints, and veins, investigated at a total of just over 100 sites. Includes geologic maps; field observations and measurements; orientation, kinematic paleostress analyses and modeling; statistical examination of 575 fault trace lengths; mineralogy and chemistry of host and fault rocks. Data are provided in shapefile and CSV formats.

Distribution of the mineral pyrrhotite, an unstable sulfide mineral, across the conterminous United States, to help inform risk assessments. Data are provided in Esri file geodatabase, shapefile, and CSV formats.

Tabular and geospatial data digitized from a U.S. Bureau of Mines that presented results of a mineral resource potential survey in this area. Georeferenced scanned plates are provided in JPEG format, other data are provided in Esri file geodatabase, CSV, and shapefile formats.

Multispectral remote sensing data acquired by the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensor were analyzed using a new, automated technique to generate a map of exposed mineral and vegetation groups in this area. Results are provided in ERDAS Imagine format.

Geochemical results of in situ electron probe microanalyses of hydrothermal muscovite associated with gold-bearing quartz veins from this area. Data are provided in CSV and shapefile formats.

Electron microprobe geochemical data that is used to showcase differences in phosphates when derived from magmatic-hydrothermal systems compared to metamorphic-hydrothermal systems to improve understanding of the mechanisms by which some mineral deposits were formed. Data are provide in CSV format.

Electron microprobe analysis of apatite for major and minor element geochemistry. Apatite is the main rare earth element host in these deposits. Data are provided in CSV format.

Electron probe data collected for apatite, rutile, and titanite to fingerprint porphyry-style mineralization near the Taurus deposit in eastern Alaska. Data are provided in CSV format.

Results of mineral abundance estimates based on Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of mill tailings and other ore processing materials from worldwide localities. Data are provided in CSV format.

Sample locations and descriptions, with compositional analysis to constrain the natural background levels of fibrous amphiboles potentially derived from the nearby Rainy Creek Complex.

Data from pipelines from 2012-2015, includes water chemistry of the acid mine drainage, mineralogy of pipe scale (by X-ray diffraction and chemical extractions), and laboratory experiment results. Data are provided in CSV format.

Fluorine compounds are essential in numerous chemical and manufacturing processes. Fluorspar is the commercial name for fluorite (isometric CaF2), which is the only fluorine mineral that is mined on a large scale.

Gallium is a soft, silvery metallic element with an atomic number of 31 and the chemical symbol Ga. Gallium is used in a wide variety of products that have microelectronic components containing either gallium arsenide (GaAs) or gallium nitride (GaN).

Inorganic chemical analysis of surface- and groundwater and springs in this area to understand natural versus anthropogenic inputs from mineralized and hydrothermally altered areas. Data are provided in Esri file geodatabase, CSV, and shapefile formats.

Interactive web site showing geochemical and mineralogical maps along with a histogram, boxplot, and empirical cumulative distribution function plot for each element or mineral whose data are provided in DS-801

Whole-rock geochemistry, X-ray diffraction, and electron microscopy analyses of samples collected from the uranium ore bodies of two mined-out deposits in this area to understand the formation of this type of mineral deposit. Data are provided in Microsoft Excel, CSV, and PDF reports.

Geochemical data for all solid sample media, along with mineralogical data, and results of weathering experiments on Valzinco tailings and field experiments on sediment accumulation in Knights Branch.

Systematic geochemical and mineralogical survey of soil horizons analyzed using a consistent set of methods, sample spacing 1 per 1,600 sq km.

Systematic geochemical and mineralogical survey of soil horizons analyzed using a consistent set of methods, sample spacing 1 per 1,600 sq km.

Geochemical and mineralogical maps along with a histogram, boxplot, and empirical cumulative distribution function plot for each element or mineral whose data are provided in DS-801

Between 2007 and 2013, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a low-density (1 site per 1,600 square kilometers, 4,857 sites) geochemical and mineralogical survey of soils in the conterminous United States. The sampling protocol for the national-scale surve

Extensive core drilling has delineated a large, deep seated, structurally intact deposit here. Distribution of elements and minerals determined for this study provide a zoning model applicable to similar deposits and useful for resource exploration.

A compilation of new and previously published geochemical and modal analyses of Mesoproterozoic igneous rocks in this area. Includes major and trace element geochemistry and mineralogical composition as well as sample locations and characteristics. Data for 618 unaltered samples and 549 altered samples are provided as Microsoft Excel and as tab-delimited text.

Concentration, mineral hosts, and speciation of germanium in mine wastes from this site. Data are provided in CSV format.

Geochemical analysis of rock samples in DBF tables from the PLUTO database. Maps are provided in PDF only.

Mineralogical data on samples from the surface and from drill cores, with geological observations help to understand the hydrology and effects of geology on acid-rock drainage in a mineralized alpine watershed.

Germanium and indium are used in electronics devices, flat-panel display screens, light-emitting diodes, night vision devices, optical fiber, optical lens systems, and solar power arrays.

Grain size distribution, photographic, and associated chemical and mineral analysis data for 36 sediment core and alluvium samples as well as SEM analysis on select grains from magnetic and heavy mineral separates collected in this area. Data are provided in CSV and JPEG formats with microprobe analyses presented as PDF reports with TIFF images.

Steelmaking and refractory applications in metallurgy use the largest amount of produced graphite; however, emerging technology uses in large-scale fuel cell, battery, and lightweight high-strength composites promise more uses.

Maps and data showing the geographic distribution of surficial minerals likely produced by hydrothermal alteration, which may indicate areas permissive of gold and copper mineral deposits.

Imaging spectrometer radiance data were acquired at this open-pit mine. Resulting images are provided in a binary format with associated .hdr files.

Reflectance, mineral predominance, and white mica wavelength position data calculated from an airborne hyperspectral imaging survey of this area using a HyMap sensor in 2014. Data are provided in a format generated by the ENVI software product, CSV, and GeoTiff.

Geochemical data for pyrite crystals and native gold from two distinct vein sets in this area to better understand paragenesis of quartz veins in orogenic gold deposits. Data are provided in CSV format.

Data represent work completed when the study ended due to lack of funding. Geologic and site information on each specific deposit or occurrence are provided. Analytical and geologic data are summarized and site descriptions for samples analyzed are listed

Lithium, the lightest of all metals, is used in air treatment, batteries, ceramics, glass, metallurgy, pharmaceuticals, and polymers.

Manganese is used to make steel, where it serves as a purifying agent in iron-ore refining and as an alloy.

Maps and data showing the geographic distribution of surficial minerals likely produced by hydrothermal alteration, which may indicate areas permissive of gold and copper mineral deposits.

Mineral abundances within bulk and size-fractionated mine waste from sampled historical waste piles from this area. Data are provided in CSV format.

X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy analyses of drill core samples that typify the uranium-copper ore bodies of the Canyon deposit, to understand mineral deposits of this type. Data are provided in Microsoft Excel, CSV, and PDF report formats.

Geochemical and mineralogical measurements of 819 samples of heavy mineral concentrates. Data are provided in CSV format.

This report releases data for waters in which naturally occurring acid-rock drainage occurs but acid-mine drainage from historical mining continues to contribute dissolved metals further degrading preexisting water quality.

Niobium and tantalum are found together in nature because they have similar physical and chemical properties. Niobium is used in high-strength steel alloys, while tantalum is used in electronic capacitors.

One hundred years of historical mining has resulted in substantial ongoing input of cadmium, lead, and zinc into the environment. This surficial-soil sampling and coring study provides information needed to support remediation efforts.

Morphological data on fibrous mineral particles from an old vermiculite mine that has been a subject of environmental health investigations

The platinum-group elements (PGEs)—platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, and osmium—are metals that have similar physical and chemical properties and tend to occur together in nature. PGEs are indispensable to many industrial applications.

Because of their unusual physical and chemical properties, the REEs have diverse defense, energy, industrial, and military technology applications including glass, petroleum refining, automobiles, and magnets.

The site, on the Wind River Indian Reservation, has Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapahoe tribes concerned about groundwater and soil contamination. This effort studies geochemical soil variation and compares concentrations with levels established by EPA

Rhenium is a rare metal that has an extremely high melting point and a heat-stable crystalline structure. It is used in high-temperature superalloys, to make turbine blades for jet aircraft engines and is a catalyst for petroleum refining.

Data in this report will be used to better understand the processes that control epithermal mineral-deposit formation by attempting to relate the geochemistry of the primary structures that hosted hydrothermal fluid flow to their heat and fluid sources.

This report describes key features; identifies tectonic-sedimentary environments; illustrates geochemical, geophysical, and geoenvironmental characteristics; evaluates deposit formation; presents exploration and assessment guides; and lists knowledge gaps

Selenium is a trace element in Earth's crust. Modern uses for selenium include energy-efficient windows that limit heat transfer and thin-film photovoltaic cells that convert solar energy into electricity.

Geochemical and mineralogical analysis of uranium-bearing sandstone in order to help understand mineral deposits of this type.

Descriptions and analytical data (electron microprobe, X-ray diffraction, spectral reflectance, and scanning electron microprobe analyses) for unexpanded and expanded vermiculite samples, a mineral product with commercial applications. Data are provided in CSV format. Descriptions of the samples are provided as PDF reports.

Geochemical and mineralogical analyses of plutonic rock samples

Electron microprobe geochemical data to evaluate whether unconventional critical element resources may be associated with sediment-hosted copper systems in this area. Data are provided in CSV format.

Electron microprobe analyses of ore minerals from this deposit in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Minerals include bornite, chalcocite, native copper, native silver, and pyrite, analyzed for Ag, As, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb, S, Sb, and Zn. Data are provided in CSV format.

Tellurium is a rare element obtained as a byproduct of mining for other commodities whose main uses are in photovoltaic solar cells and as an additive to copper, lead, and steel alloys in various types of machinery.

Tin (Sn) is one of the first metals to be used by humans. Almost without exception, tin is used as an alloy. Its major uses today are for cans and containers, construction materials, transportation materials, and solder.

Titanium colors paint, paper, plastic, rubber, and wallboard. Because of its strength and corrosion resistance, titanium metal and its alloys are used in the aerospace industry as well as for welding rod coatings, biological implants, and consumer goods.

Geochronological data using several different techniques, for a multidisciplinary study of dikes, country rock, and alteration systems in which mineral deposits may form. Data are provided in Esri file geodatabase, shapefile, Microsoft Excel, and CSV formats.

Vanadium is used primarily in the production of steel alloys; as a catalyst for the chemical industry; in the making of ceramics, glasses, and pigments; and in vanadium redox-flow batteries (VRBs) for large-scale storage of electricity.

Investigates Cr and Ni geochemistry providing insight into the mobility and bioaccessibility of these toxic trace elements throughout northern California and perhaps the origin of elevated dissolved Cr(VI) concentrations in the western Sacramento Valley

The data consist of major- and trace-element whole-rock geochemical analyses and major- and trace-element analyses of sulfide minerals determined by electron microprobe and laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) techniques

X-ray diffraction data on sediment core samples collected in this area to inform aquifer sediment composition, mineralogical composition of operationally defined size fractions, and geochemical modeling. Data are provided in CSV format.

Zirconium and hafnium are corrosion-resistant metals that are widely used in the chemical and nuclear industries. Most zirconium is consumed in the form of the main ore mineral zircon or as zirconium oxide or other zirconium chemicals.