Geologic units in Juniata county, Pennsylvania

Hamilton Group (Devonian) at surface, covers 17 % of this area

Includes, in descending order, the Mahantango (Dmh) and Marcellus (Dmr) Formations.

Clinton Group (Silurian) at surface, covers 14 % of this area

Predominantly Rose Hill Formation--light-olive-gray to brownish-gray, fossiliferous shale; locally, limestone occurs near top; includes dark-reddish-gray, very fine to coarse-grained, ferruginous sandstone; east of Harrisburg, equivalent to Lizard Creek Member of Shawangunk Formation. Above Rose Hill is Keefer Formation--light- to dark-gray, fossiliferous sandstone, hematitic, oolitic sandstone, and shale; not recognized east of Harrisburg.

Wills Creek Formation (Silurian) at surface, covers 12 % of this area

Variegated gray, grayish-red, yellowish-gray and greenish-gray, interbedded calcareous shale, siltstone, shaly limestone, and dolomite; passes into Bloomsburg Formation in the southeast; not present east of Harrisburg.

Bloomsburg and Mifflintown Formations, undivided (Silurian) at surface, covers 12 % of this area

Includes, in descending order, the Bloomsburg Formation (Sb) and the Mifflintown Formation--interbedded dark-gray shale and medium-gray fossiliferous limestone; equivalent to "McKenzie" and "Rochester" of earlier workers; not present east of Harrisburg.

Keyser and Tonoloway Formations, undivided (Devonian and Silurian) at surface, covers 10 % of this area

In descending order: Keyser Formation--medium-gray, crystalline to nodular, fossiliferous limestone; upper part laminated and mud-cracked; not present east of Harrisburg; passes into lower Coeymans, Rondout, and Decker Formations in the east. Tonoloway Formation--medium-gray, laminated, mud-cracked limestone containing some medium-dark- or olive-gray shale interbeds; lower part passes into Wills Creek Formation east and south; passes into Bossardville and Poxono Island beds in the east.

Trimmers Rock Formation (Devonian) at surface, covers 7 % of this area

Olive-gray siltstone and shale, characterized by graded bedding; marine fossils; some very fine grained sandstone in northeast; black shale of Harrell Formation at base in Susquehanna Valley.

Tuscarora Formation (Silurian) at surface, covers 7 % of this area

Light- to medium-gray quartzite and quartzitic sandstone and minor interbedded shale and siltstone, locally conglomeratic in lower part; includes (to the northwest) interbedded red and non-red sandstone (Castanea Member) at top; east of Harrisburg, equivalent to Minsi and Weiders Members of Shawangunk Formation.

Juniata Formation (Ordovician) at surface, covers 4 % of this area

Grayish-red, very fine to medium-grained, crossbedded sandstone, and grayish-red siltstone and shale; merges with underlying Bald Eagle Formation to the south; not present east of Susquehanna River, except at Spitzenberg Hill area (Berks County).

Onondaga and Old Port Formations, undivided (Devonian) at surface, covers 4 % of this area

Includes, in descending order, the Onondaga Formation (Don), Ridgeley Member of Old Port Formation (Dor), and Shriver, Mandata, Corriganville, and New Creek Members of Old Port Formation, undivided (Dosn).

Irish Valley Member of Catskill Formation (Devonian) at surface, covers 4 % of this area

Nonmarine, grayish-red siltstone and mudstone, and gray and grayish-red sandstone interbedded with minor, thin, light-olive-gray marine siltstone; arranged in fining-upward cycles. Lower part of member has conglomeratic sandstones.

Brallier and Harrell Formations, undivided (Devonian) at surface, covers 3 % of this area

In descending order: Brallier--medium-gray, planar-bedded siltstone interbedded with light-olive shale; sparse marine fauna; Harrell--black shale (Burket Member) and dark-gray shale.

Reedsville Formation (Ordovician) at surface, covers 3 % of this area

Olive-gray to dark-gray shale, siltstone, and fine-grained, thin-bedded sandstone having graded bedding; upper sandstone is very fossiliferous; includes Antes Formation (black calcareous shale) at base along Nittany Arch.

Bald Eagle Formation (Ordovician) at surface, covers 2 % of this area

Gray to olive-gray and grayish-red, fine- to coarse-grained, crossbedded sandstone, siltstone, and shale; some conglomerate (Lost Run Member); not present east of Susquehanna River, except at Spitzenberg Hill area (Berks County).

Keyser Formation through Mifflintown Formation, undivided (Devonian and Silurian) at surface, covers 0.5 % of this area

In descending order: Keyser Formation--limestone; Tonoloway Formation--limestone and interbedded shale; Wills Creek Formation--interbedded shale, siltstone, limestone, and dolomite; Bloomsburg Formation--grayish-red and greenish-gray shale, siltstone, sandstone, and mudstone; Mifflintown Formation--interbedded shale and limestone.

Wills Creek Formation through Mifflintown Formation, undivided (Silurian) at surface, covers 0.3 % of this area

Includes, in descending order, the Wills Creek Formation (Swc) and Bloomsburg and Mifflintown Formations, undivided (Sbm).

Juniata and Bald Eagle Formations, undivided (Ordovician) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area

Includes, in descending order, the Juniata (Oj) and Bald Eagle (Obe) Formations.