Grayish-red sandstone, siltstone, shale, and mudstone; units of gray sandstone occur in upper part; lithologies in upper part arranged in fining-upward cycles. In the Altoona area, the Catskill Formation is mapped as the Duncannon, Sherman Creek, and Irish Valley Members, which are described under "Central and Eastern Pennsylvania" provinces.
Predominantly gray sandstone and conglomerate; also contains thin beds of shale, claystone, limestone, and coal; includes Olean and Sharon conglomerates of northwestern Pennsylvania; thin marine limestones present in Beaver, Lawrence, and Mercer Counties; minable coals and commercially valuable high-alumina clays present locally.
Cyclic sequences of sandstone, shale, limestone, clay, and coal; includes valuable clay deposits and Vanport Limestone; commercially valuable Freeport, Kittanning, and Brookville-Clarion coals present; base is at bottom of Brookville-Clarion coal.
Cyclic sequences of shale, sandstone, red beds, and thin limestone and coal; includes four marine limestone or shale horizons; red beds are involved in landslides; base is at top of Upper Freeport coal.
Greenish-gray and light-olive-gray, flaggy, fine-grained sandstone, siltstone, and a few red shale interbeds; includes lower "Pocono" plus "Oswayo" of earlier workers. Forms transition between Catskill Formation and Burgoon Sandstone.
Interbedded olive-gray mudstone, siltstone, sandstone, and thin conglomerate; marine fossils throughout; "Chemung" of earlier workers. Laterally equivalent to Scherr and Foreknobs Formations.
Cyclic sequences of shale, siltstone, sandstone, red beds, thin, impure limestone, and thin, nonpersistent coal; red beds are associated with landslides; base is at top of Ames limestone.
Grayish-red shale, siltstone, sandstone, and some conglomerate; some local nonred zones. Includes Loyalhanna Member (crossbedded, sandy limestone) at base in south-central and southwestern Pennsylvania; also includes Greenbrier Limestone Member, and Wymps Gap and Deer Valley Limestones, which are tongues of the Greenbrier. Along Allegheny Front from Blair County to Sullivan County, Loyalhanna Member is greenish-gray, calcareous, crossbedded sandstone.
Buff, medium-grained, crossbedded sandstone; includes shale and coal; in places, contains conglomerate at base; contains plant fossils; equivalent to Pocono Formation of Ridge and Valley province.
Cyclic sequences of limestone, shale, sandstone, and coal; commercial coals present; base is at bottom of Pittsburgh coal.
Includes, in descending order, the Mahantango (Dmh) and Marcellus (Dmr) Formations.
Greenish-gray, olive, and buff sandstone and siltstone, and gray shale in varying proportions; includes "Pocono" ("Knapp") and Oswayo of earlier workers; difficult lithologic distinction between Oswayo and "Knapp"- "Pocono" south and east of type area at Olean, N. Y.; contains marine fossils; includes lateral equivalents of Shenango Formation, Cuyahoga Group, Corry Sandstone, Bedford Shale, and Cussewago Sandstone, plus Oswayo Formation.
Olive-gray siltstone and shale, characterized by graded bedding; marine fossils; some very fine grained sandstone in northeast; black shale of Harrell Formation at base in Susquehanna Valley.
Includes, in descending order, the Long Run (Dclr) and Walcksville (Dcw) Members of the Catskill Formation, which are described separately below.
Medium-gray siltstone and dark-gray shale containing interbedded light-gray, flaggy sandstone. Includes, in descending order: Meadville Shale, Sharpsville Sandstone, and Orangeville Shale; marine fossils common.
Light-gray siltstone interbedded with some flaggy, gray sandstone and some bluish-gray shale; Panama Conglomerate and Woodcock Sandstone are, respectively, the lower and upper key beds defining the formation; referred to as "Cattaraugus" by some workers; includes some red shales where it interfingers to the east and south with the Catskill Formation; marine fossils present.
Light-gray or brownish siltstone and some sandstone, interbedded with medium-gray shale; included in Conneaut Group and "Chemung" of earlier workers; marine fossils common; includes "pink rock" of drillers.
Predominantly Rose Hill Formation--light-olive-gray to brownish-gray, fossiliferous shale; locally, limestone occurs near top; includes dark-reddish-gray, very fine to coarse-grained, ferruginous sandstone; east of Harrisburg, equivalent to Lizard Creek Member of Shawangunk Formation. Above Rose Hill is Keefer Formation--light- to dark-gray, fossiliferous sandstone, hematitic, oolitic sandstone, and shale; not recognized east of Harrisburg.
Cyclic sequences of sandstone, shale, red beds, thin limestone, and thin, impure coal; base is at top of Upper Washington limestone.
Light- to medium-gray quartzite and quartzitic sandstone and minor interbedded shale and siltstone, locally conglomeratic in lower part; includes (to the northwest) interbedded red and non-red sandstone (Castanea Member) at top; east of Harrisburg, equivalent to Minsi and Weiders Members of Shawangunk Formation.
Reddish-brown mudstone, siltstone, and shale, containing a few green and brown shale interbeds; red and dark-gray, interbedded argillites near base. Youngest beds in Brunswick may be Jurassic in age.
Light-gray sandstone and some beds of medium-gray shale and siltstone; upper third of formation is more shaly; contains a few marine fossils.
Gray to dark-gray, buff-weathering shale.
Includes albite-chlorite schist, phyllite, some hornblende gneiss, and granitized members.
Same as Berea-through-Riceville (MDbr) interval, but uppermost sandstone unit is recognized as Corry, not Berea.
Grayish-red sandstone, siltstone, shale, and mudstone; locally conglomeratic; contains gray sandstone in upper part; lithologies arranged in fining-upward cycles; equivalent to the Hampshire Formation south of Pennsylvania.
Gray, fine- to coarse-grained sandstone, siltstone, shale, conglomerate, and numerous anthracite coals in repetitive sequences.
Greenish-yellow and gray sandstone, siltstone, and shale succession, becoming more shaly and more gray downward; bottom of interval is bottom of Panama Conglomerate; Venango not mapped separately because upper key bed (Woodcock Sandstone) is missing. Includes, in descending order: Berea Sandstone, Bedford Shale, Cussewago Sandstone, Riceville Shale, and Venango Formation equivalent; contains marine fossils.
Light-gray to buff or light-olive-gray, medium-grained, crossbedded sandstone and minor siltstone; commonly conglomeratic at base and in middle; medial conglomerate, where present, is used to divide into Mount Carbon and Beckville Members; equivalent to Burgoon Sandstone of Allegheny Plateau.
Cyclic sequences of sandstone, shale, limestone, and coal; commercial coals present; base is at bottom of Waynesburg coal.
Predominantly greenish gray, gray, purple, and maroon shale, siltstone, and graywacke; includes some wildflysch having Martinsburg matrix.
Grayish-red sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone in fining-upward cycles; conglomerate occurs at base of some cycles.
Grayish-red, very fine to medium-grained, crossbedded sandstone, and grayish-red siltstone and shale; merges with underlying Bald Eagle Formation to the south; not present east of Susquehanna River, except at Spitzenberg Hill area (Berks County).
Includes, in descending order, the Bloomsburg Formation (Sb) and the Mifflintown Formation--interbedded dark-gray shale and medium-gray fossiliferous limestone; equivalent to "McKenzie" and "Rochester" of earlier workers; not present east of Harrisburg.
Variegated gray, grayish-red, yellowish-gray and greenish-gray, interbedded calcareous shale, siltstone, shaly limestone, and dolomite; passes into Bloomsburg Formation in the southeast; not present east of Harrisburg.
In descending order: Keyser Formation--medium-gray, crystalline to nodular, fossiliferous limestone; upper part laminated and mud-cracked; not present east of Harrisburg; passes into lower Coeymans, Rondout, and Decker Formations in the east. Tonoloway Formation--medium-gray, laminated, mud-cracked limestone containing some medium-dark- or olive-gray shale interbeds; lower part passes into Wills Creek Formation east and south; passes into Bossardville and Poxono Island beds in the east.
Reddish-brown to maroon, silty mudstone and shale containing thin red sandstone interbeds; several thin beds of impure limestone.
Cyclic sequences of sandstone, shale, limestone, and coal; includes some red shale; base is at bottom of Washington coal.
Nonmarine, grayish-red siltstone and mudstone, and gray and grayish-red sandstone interbedded with minor, thin, light-olive-gray marine siltstone; arranged in fining-upward cycles. Lower part of member has conglomeratic sandstones.
Includes, in descending order, the Poplar Gap (Dcpg) and Packerton (Dcp) Members of the Catskill Formation.
Olive-gray to dark-gray shale, siltstone, and fine-grained, thin-bedded sandstone having graded bedding; upper sandstone is very fossiliferous; includes Antes Formation (black calcareous shale) at base along Nittany Arch.
Gray conglomerate, fine- to coarse-grained sandstone, and siltstone and shale containing minable anthracite coals. Includes three members, in descending order: Sharp Mountain--conglomerate and conglomeratic sandstone; Schuylkill--sandstone and conglomeratic sandstone; Tumbling Run--conglomeratic sandstone and sandstone.
In descending order: Brallier--medium-gray, planar-bedded siltstone interbedded with light-olive shale; sparse marine fauna; Harrell--black shale (Burket Member) and dark-gray shale.
Alternating grayish-red mudstone and siltstone in poorly defined fining-upward cycles, and minor intervals of gray sandstone; laterally equivalent to Berry Run, Sawmill Run, Packerton, and Long Run Members of eastern Pennsylvania.
Medium- to coarse-grained, quartz-normative tholeiite; composed of labradorite and various pyroxenes; occurs as dikes, sheets, and a few small flows. Includes the dark-gray York Haven Diabase (high titanium oxide) and the slightly younger Rossville Diabase (low titanium oxide). In chilled margins, the Rossville is distinguished from the York Haven by its lighter gray color and distinctive, sparse, centimeter-sized calcic-plagioclase phenocrysts.
Includes, in descending order, the Onondaga Formation (Don), Ridgeley Member of Old Port Formation (Dor), and Shriver, Mandata, Corriganville, and New Creek Members of Old Port Formation, undivided (Dosn).
Interbedded sandstone, siltstone, and shale; gray to olive gray, red near top; substantial brownish-gray sandstone; some marine fossils; a few conglomerate beds at base and top.
Gray to dark-gray shale and slate.
Light-gray to buff, coarse-grained, arkosic sandstone; includes reddish-brown to grayish-purple sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone.
Includes the Shenango Formation (Ms) and Cuyahoga Group (Mc), which are described separately below. Shenango: Light-gray sandstone and some beds of medium-gray shale and siltstone; upper third of formation is more shaly; contains a few marine fossils. Cuyahoga: Medium-gray siltstone and dark-gray shale containing interbedded light-gray, flaggy sandstone. Includes, in descending order: Meadville Shale, Sharpsville Sandstone, and Orangeville Shale; marine fossils common.
Gray to olive-gray and grayish-red, fine- to coarse-grained, crossbedded sandstone, siltstone, and shale; some conglomerate (Lost Run Member); not present east of Susquehanna River, except at Spitzenberg Hill area (Berks County).
Light-gray to buff, commonly arkosic sandstone interbedded with red shale, mudstone, and fine-grained sandstone
Shale containing zones of conspicuous graywacke.
Light-gray, thin-bedded, impure, contorted limestone having shale partings; conglomeratic at base; in Chester Valley, includes micaceous limestone in upper part, phyllite in middle, and alternating dolomite and limestone in lower part.
Chiefly siltstone; some fine-grained sandstone, shale, and mudstone; light olive gray; marine fossils.
Lithologically similar to oligoclase-mica schist of the Wissahickon Formation (PZw), but also includes lenticular amphibolite bodies having ocean-floor basalt chemistry.
Chlorite-sericite schist containing interbedded quartzite.
Light, medium grained; predominantly quartz and feldspar of igneous origin.
Dark-gray to black, thick-bedded argillite containing a few zones of thin-bedded black shale; locally has thin layers of impure limestone and calcareous shale.
Includes oligoclase-mica schist, some hornblende gneiss, some augen gneiss, and some quartz-rich and feldspar-rich members due to various degrees of granitization.
Gray and grayish-red sandstone and grayish-red siltstone and mudstone in fining-upward cycles.
Medium- to medium-dark-gray, thick-bedded dolomite and impure limestone; dark-gray chert stringers and nodules; laminated; oolitic and stromatolitic; some orange-brown-weathering calcareous siltstone at base.
Light- to olive-gray, fine- to medium- grained, crossbedded sandstone, siltstone, and local polymictic diamictite, pebbly mudstone, and laminite; arranged in crude fining-upward cycles in some places; locally has grayish-red shale near top and conglomerate at base and in middle.
Includes, in descending order, the Antietam (CAa) and Harpers (CAh) Formations. Antietam Formation - gray, buff-weathering quartzite. Harpers Formation - Dark-greenish-gray phyllite and schist containing thin quartzite layers; includes Montalto Member (CAhm) - gray quartztite
Gray and pale red, fine- to coarse-grained quartzose sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone.
Gray, brown, and olive shale and siltstone; marine fossils. Includes the following members, in descending order: Tully-argillaceous limestone; Sherman Ridge, Montebello (sandstone), Fisher Ridge, Dalmatia, and Turkey Ridge. In south-central Pennsylvania, includes Clearville, Frame, Chaneysville, and Gander Run Members. Characterized by coarsening-upward cycles.
Shale containing conspicuous graywacke; includes autochthonous sandstone and shale of Shochary Ridge.
Argillaceous, ashen-gray, flaky shale and siltstone; included in Conneaut Group and "Chemung" of earlier workers; marine fossils rare.
Gray-green phyllite, mica-chlorite schist, and conglomerate.
Light-gray, hard, massive, Scolithus-bearing quartzite and quartz schist; thin, interbedded dark slate at top; conglomerate (Hellam Member) at base.
Medium-gray, brownish-weathering, medium-bedded dolomite and minor sandstone; very fine grained Tea Creek Member above, and crystalline Coffee Run Member below.
Gray or pale-reddish-brown, very gravelly sand interstratified with crossbedded sand and clay-silt beds; includes areas of Holocene alluvium and swamp deposits.
Gray and light-olive-gray sandstone, conglomerate, and siltstone containing intermittent red beds; laterally equivalent to Clarks Ferry, Sawmill Run, and Berry Run Members.
In descending order: Coburn Formation--medium-gray to very dark gray, very fossiliferous limestone and shaly limestone; Salona Formation--very dark gray to black, nonfossiliferous shaly limestone and calcareous shale containing metabentonite beds; Nealmont Formation--medium-gray fossiliferous limestone (calcarenite--Rodman Member) overlying thin-bedded shaly limestone (calcilutite--Center Hall Member).
Sandstone, siltstone, and shale; mostly light to dark gray, but some sandstone is greenish yellow, and a few reddish shales occur. Includes, in descending order: Berea Sandstone, Bedford Shale, Cussewago Sandstone, and Riceville Shale; marine fossils common.
Very finely crystalline, light-gray limestone interbedded with gray dolomite; coarsely crystalline limestone lenses present.
Light-gray, locally mottled, massive, pure, coarsely crystalline dolomite; siliceous in middle part.
Mostly limestone; some dolomite interbeds; some chert near middle and top; stromatolitic limestone in middle; pinkish marbleoid limestone and chert at base.
Light gray, green, and purple; commonly schistose, containing quartz augen and veins.
Very finely crystalline, "birdseye" limestone at top and base, granular fossiliferous limestone, black chert, and dolomite in middle.
Sandstone, siltstone, and shale in varying proportions; distinguished from Shenango-through-Oswayo (MDso) interval on basis of more common gray shale in Riceville as compared with olive-colored shale and sandstone of Oswayo; contains marine fossils.
Cobble and pebble quartz conglomerate interbedded with red sandstone.
Light-colored calcareous shale and silty limestone at top; medium-gray limestone and dolomite in middle; pure, dark limestone at base.
Light- to dark-gray, fine- to very coarse grained sandstone and conglomerate containing thin shale interbeds. Includes four members, in descending order: Tammany--conglomerate and sandstone; Lizard Creek--sandstone and red or green shale; Minsi--sandstone and conglomerate; Weiders--conglomerate. Tammany and Lizard Creek Members together are approximately equivalent to Clinton Group to the west; Minsi and Weiders Members together are equivalent to Tuscarora Formation to the west.
Grayish-red sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone in fining-upward cycles; conglomerate occurs at base of some cycles.
Buff, fine- to medium-grained, crossbedded, argillaceous sandstone and dark-gray shale; includes some carbonaceous shale, sporadic conglomerate beds, and diamictite; included in lower "Pocono" of earlier workers.
Grayish-red and greenish-gray shale, siltstone, and very fine to coarse-grained sandstone; some calcareous mudstone in central Pennsylvania; thins to west and is replaced by Mifflintown beds; thickens eastward, replacing overlying Wills Creek and Tonoloway Formations and underlying Mifflintown Formation.
Interbanded and interlaminated limestone and dolomite, thin- to thick-bedded; stromatolitic limestone; several thin, local quartz sandstone beds.
Gray quartzite.
Light, medium grained; includes rocks of probable sedimentary origin.
Light, medium grained; includes rocks of probable sedimentary origin.
Dark-reddish-brown, cross-stratified, feldspathic quartz sand and some thin beds of fine gravel and rare layers of clay or silt.
Grayish-red and brownish-gray siltstone, mudstone, and sandstone; some gray and dusky-yellow sandstone and siltstone; laterally equivalent to Duncannon, Clarks Ferry, and Sherman Creek Members.
Gray dolomite, limestone, and sandstone. Includes the Mines Member (CAgm) and four lower members (CAgl).
Dominantly gray sandstone and some siltstone and shale; freshwater fossils.
Includes, in descending order, the Nittany (On) and Stonehenge/Larke (Osl) Formations.
Medium-gray shale and some thin light-gray siltstone interbeds; included in Canadaway Formation of New York; included in ""Chemung"" of earlier workers; contains sparse fossil marine fauna.
In descending order: Benner Formation--light- to dark-gray, thick-bedded limestone (calcilutite); includes chemically pure Valentine Member (Obv) at top, and, below, the less pure Valley View Member, which contains metabentonite beds--all laterally equivalent to impure limestones of Oak Hall Member; Stover Member at base is dark-gray limestone (calcilutite) having dolomite streaks; Benner is called "Linden Hall" by some workers. Snyder Formation--light- to medium-gray limestone, laminated to medium-bedded; has mud cracks, oolites, and dolomitic layers. Hatter Formation--medium-gray, fossiliferous, argillaceous limestone, laminated and dolomitic. Loysburg Formation--light- to medium-gray, medium-bedded limestone (Clover Member) overlying laminated, alternating limestone, dolomitic limestone, and dolomite (Milroy ["tiger-striped"] Member).
Medium grained, light pink to greenish gray; largely quartz, feldspar, and mica; commonly gneissic, containing alteration minerals; interfingers with gabbroic gneiss.
Includes, in descending order, the Coburn Formation through Nealmont Formation, undivided (Ocn) and Benner Formation through Loysburg Formation, undivided (Obl).
Medium- to dark-gray, crystalline dolomite, light-olive-gray in places, weathering to light gray and yellowish brown; massive bedded; oolitic; pink to gray, mottled chert and dark-gray chert; thin shale and dolomitic shale interbeds; scattered sand grains; upper part is very shaly.
Thick-bedded, medium- to medium-dark-gray, finely crystalline limestone, weathering light gray; yellow dolomitic laminae; interbedded medium-dark-gray, finely crystalline dolomite, weathering yellowish gray; edgewise conglomerate; fossil-fragment and oolitic lenses.
Gray phyllitic shale, maroon shale, siltstone, and silty, siliceous shale; some interbedded argillaceous and quartzose sandstone; predominantly allochthonous, and probably closely related to Hamburg sequence, but includes some autochthonous elements.
Massive dolomite containing thin shaly interbeds.
In descending order: Keyser Formation--limestone; Tonoloway Formation--limestone and interbedded shale; Wills Creek Formation--interbedded shale, siltstone, limestone, and dolomite; Bloomsburg Formation--grayish-red and greenish-gray shale, siltstone, sandstone, and mudstone; Mifflintown Formation--interbedded shale and limestone.
Includes, in descending order, the Juniata (Oj) and Bald Eagle (Obe) Formations.
Includes, in descending order, the Bellefonte (Obf) and Axemann (Oa) Formations.
In descending order: Weverton--gray to purplish-gray quartzite and quartzose conglomerate containing rounded pebbles. Loudoun--sericitic slate and purplish-gray, crumbly, poorly sorted, arkosic sandstone and conglomerate.
Dark-gray, knotty, argillaceous dolomite; impure light-gray marble at base locally.
Includes, in descending order: cyclic repetitions of sandstone and dolomite ("upper sandstone'' member); fossiliferous, laminated to massive limestone and dolomite (Ore Hill Member); cyclic repetitions of sandstone and dolomite (''lower sandstone" member); and thick-bedded crystalline dolomite (Stacy Member).
Black shale; sparse marine fauna and siderite concretions. Contains local limestone (""Purcell"") member. Tioga bentonite included at base in eastern Pennsylvania.
Greenish-gray sandstone and red siltstone and mudstone in fining-upward cycles.
Sandstone, shale, and some coal; includes lower Pottsville conglomerate and overlying strata equivalent to Allegheny Formation in north-central outliers; formational boundary not determined due to lack of correlation with Brookville-Clarion coal.
Succession of grayish-red sandstone, siltstone, shale, and mudstone, generally in fining-upward cycles; some gray sandstone and conglomerate.
Red, green, and gray shale and argillite, and minor thin beds of gray arkosic sandstone; some quartz conglomerate and limestone conglomerate.
Gray, finely crystalline limestone containing dark-gray silty laminations; numerous edgewise conglomerate beds.
Includes Pickering Gneiss and small areas of marble; dominantly quartz and feldspar with varying amounts of graphite and various metamorphic minerals; medium grained, light to dark gray and greenish gray; sedimentary origin.
Dark-gray shaly limestone (cement rock) having slaty cleavage; basal medium- to thick-bedded limestone (cement limestone) increases in thickness eastward.
Informal unit including elements of Burgoon Sandstone and Shenango Formation plus Cuyahoga Group; correlation uncertain; contains sedimentary structures and trace fossils characteristic of tidal flats; called ""Pocono"" by earlier workers.
Dark, medium grained; includes some rocks of probable sedimentary origin.
Typically light-gray, fine- to medium-grained quartzite, and feldspathic sandstone; color ranges from nearly white to dark gray; massive bedded; Scolithus present in upper part; quartz-pebble conglomerate occurs at base.
Well-rounded quartzite pebbles, cobbles, and rare boulders set in a reddish-brown, sandy matrix.
Light-gray to pinkish-gray, finely to coarsely crystalline limestone and interbedded dolomite; numerous siliceous and clayey laminae; stromatolitic limestone beds near top; some thin sandy beds.
Medium-gray, finely crystalline dolomite; silty to sandy, containing numerous siliceous to argillaceous laminae.
Base--dark-brown shale; middle--gray and white spotted limestone and, locally, marble having irregular partings; top--sandy limestone which weathers to a fine-grained, friable, porous, sandy mass.
Medium grained, medium to dark gray; locally gneissic, predominantly feldspar and quartz, plus dark accessories and various alteration minerals.
Medium- to dark-gray, thick-bedded dolomite containing chert and siliceous oolites.
Predominantly graywacke.
Gray dolomite, in part oolitic, interbedded with medium-gray limestone and dark-gray oolitic chert.
Alternating olive-gray siltstone and sandstone; marine fossils.
Abundant impure sandstone (graywacke) interbeds.
Gray quartz conglomerate, sandstone, and red siltstone and mudstone.
Interbedded red to purple shale and sandstone and some beds of dolomite and impure limestone.
Dark-gray, cobbly, argillaceous limestone; abundant irregular shale partings; some metabentonite beds present.
Dark-gray, fine-grained intrusives; locally, mineralogy is altered and unit has greenish color.
Light- to dark-gray, very finely to medium-crystalline dolomite containing interbeds of light-gray limestone; interbedded nodular, dark-gray chert at base.
Includes, in descending order, the Ontelaunee (Oo), Epler (Oe), Rickenbach (Ori), and Stonehenge (Os) Formations.
In descending order: Buttermilk Falls Limestone--gray fossiliferous limestone and black chert; Palmerton Sandstone--massive white siliceous sandstone; Schoharie Formation--gray calcareous, argillaceous siltstone; Esopus Formation--gray silty shale and sandy siltstone.
Dark, fine to medium grained; includes rocks of probable sedimentary origin; may be equivalent to "PZmgh."
Medium-gray fossiliferous limestone.
Conspicuous limestone.
In descending order: Hershey--dark-gray to black, thin-bedded, argillaceous limestone; Myerstown--medium- to dark-gray, platy, medium-crystalline limestone; carbonaceous at base.
Includes serpentine, steatite, and other products of alteration of peridotites and pyroxenites.
Pure, light-colored limestone, stromatolitic in part; abundant pinkish limestone and cream-colored chert.
Stromatolitic, fine-grained limestone; includes coarser grained and conglomeratic, siliceous, laminated Stoufferstown Formation at base in most of Cumberland Valley.
Includes in descending order, the Casselman Formation (PAcc) and the Glenshaw Formation (PAcg), which are described separately below. Casselman: Cyclic sequences of shale, siltstone, sandstone, red beds, thin, impure limestone, and thin, nonpersistent coal; red beds are associated with landslides; base is at top of Ames limestone. Glenshaw: Cyclic sequences of shale, sandstone, red beds, and thin limestone and coal; includes four marine limestone or shale horizons; red beds are involved in landslides; base is at top of Upper Freeport coal.
Medium-gray, medium-bedded to laminated, fossiliferous, oolitic limestone containing edgewise conglomerate; to the west, Stonehenge is laterally equivalent to medium- to dark-gray, coarsely crystalline dolomite (Larke).
Light-colored, thick-bedded, finely laminated dolomite; some limestone.
Same as Keyser-through-Mifflintown (DSkm) interval, plus Clinton Group at base. Clinton includes the following, in descending order: Keefer Formation--fossiliferous sandstone and hematitic, oolitic sandstone and shale; Rose Hill Formation--fossiliferous shale.
Pink to white and gray, finely laminated limestone and interbedded finely crystalline dolomite; numerous stromatolitic limestone beds.
Includes, in descending order, the Snitz Creek (CAsc) and Buffalo Springs (CAbs) Formations. Snitz Creek Formation - thick-bedded. medium- to coarsely crystalline dolomite; in part oolitic, containing laminated limestone and sandstone interbeds. Buffalo Springs Formation - light-gray to pinkish-gray, finely to coarsely crystalline limestone and interbedded dolomite; numerous siliceous and clayey laminae; stromatolitic limestone beds near top; some thin sandy beds.
Greenish-gray to gray sandstone and some siltstone; some laterally persistent conglomerate beds in lower part.
Limestone, chert, shale, and siliceous siltstone. In Fulton County, limestone and chert of the Licking Creek Member replaces the Shriver and Mandata.
Gray to yellowish-gray sandstone, siltstone, and conglomerate.
Medium- to dark-gray, coarsely crystalline dolomite in lower part; medium- to medium-light-gray, finely crystalline dolomite in upper part; chert lenses, beds, and nodules.
Gray dolomite containing siliceous ""oolites"" and chert having cryptozoon stromatolites.
Fine- to very coarse grained, light-gray sandstone ("Oriskany" of earlier workers).
Yellowish-gray to medium-gray, angular limestone and dolomite pebbles, cobbles, and fragments set in a red, very fine grained quartz matrix; a few shale-clast interbeds.
Gray, buff-weathering quartzite.
Medium to coarse grained, light to dark bluish gray, predominantly plagioclase; local alteration minerals.
In descending order: Decker Formation--gray calcareous sandstone having lenses of calcareous conglomerate, siltstone, and shale, and lenses of limestone and dolomite (in Stroudsburg area, includes calcareous shale, limestone, and dolomite of Rondout Formation at top); Bossardville Limestone--gray argillaceous limestone and dolomitic limestone; Poxono Island Formation--thin-bedded dolomite, limestone, and shale; red shale in lower part. This undivided succession is equivalent to Keyser, Tonoloway, and Wills Creek (part) Formations of central Pennsylvania.
Thick-bedded, medium- to coarsely crystalline dolomite, in part oolitic, containing laminated limestone and sandstone interbeds.
In descending order: Ridgeley Formation--white siliceous sandstone; Shriver Chert--gray siltstone and shale and dark-gray chert; Port Ewen Shale--dark-gray calcareous siltstone and shale; Minisink Limestone--dark-gray clayey limestone; New Scotland Formation--dark-gray fossiliferous shale and clayey limestone; Coeymans Formation--gray, clayey to sandy limestone.
Dark-gray, slaty to phyllitic shale, calcareous at base. Probably only lower part of Martinsburg Formation is present; overlain by Hamburg sequence rocks.
Microcrystalline limestone and, in places, marble; includes subordinate dolomite containing abundant phyllitic layers; occurs in Chester and Montgomery Counties; relation to Elbrook of Cumberland Valley sequence is uncertain.
Includes, in descending order, the Millbach Formation (CAm), and the Schaefferstown Formation--gray limestone containing siliceous and argillaceous laminae; thin bedded.
Dark, medium grained; includes rocks of probable sedimentary origin; may be equivalent to pCAmgh in places.
Gray, buff-weathering quartzite and quartz schist.
Includes white feldspathic quartzite, gray mica gneiss, and mica schist.
Includes Springfield Granodiorite (granitized Wissahickon) in Philadelphia area.
Gray, very finely to coarsely crystalline, laminated dolomite; dark-gray chert in irregular beds, stringers, and nodules; bands of quartz sand grains in lower half.
Greenish-gray to gray sandstone and minor red siltstone and mudstone.
Dark, medium grained; includes rocks of probable sedimentary origin; may be equivalent to "PZmgh" in places.
Gray, thin- to medium-bedded, fossiliferous, cyclic limestone bearing stromatolites; interbedded with thick-bedded crystalline dolomite and some sandstone.
White to light bluish gray, finely to coarsely crystalline.
Dark, medium grained; includes rocks of probable sedimentary origin; may be equivalent to "PZmgp" in places.
Dark-greenish-gray phyllite and schist containing thin quartzite layers; includes Montalto Member (CAhm).
Quartz or quartzite pebbles, cobbles, and rare boulders set in a red, sandy, ferruginous matrix; some silica cement; some feldspar clasts.
High-level terrace deposits; reddish-brown gravelly sand and some silt. Age uncertain.
Dark-gray, thin-bedded, platy argillaceous limestone containing some beds of shale.
Dark, medium grained; includes rocks of probable sedimentary origin; may be equivalent to pCAmgp in places.
Includes, in descending order, the Wills Creek Formation (Swc) and Bloomsburg and Mifflintown Formations, undivided (Sbm).
In descending order: Onondaga Formation--gray calcareous, sandy shale; Ridgeley Formation--brown sandstone; Rondout Formation--gray interbedded limestone, dolomite, and shale; Decker Formation--gray calcareous sandstone, and Andreas Red Beds at top; Bossardville Limestone--gray, mud-cracked shaly limestone; Poxono Island Formation--olive-gray, calcareous and dolomitic shale, siltstone, and sandstone.
Includes, in descending order, the Walcksville Member (Dcw) of the Catskill Formation, and the Towamensing Member (Dct).
Altered basaltic flows, some amygdaloidal; green, schistose, containing hornblende, epidote, chlorite, and quartz.
Fine to medium grained, light to medium green; includes probable metavolcanic rocks.
Light-gray, massive, high-calcium limestone; mottled at base.
Medium-dark-gray, finely crystalline dolomite, massive to finely laminated; weathers grayish yellow; thick-bedded, dark-gray chert at base.
Dark-greenish-gray phyllite and schist containing thin quartzite layers.
Gray to yellowish-gray sandstone and conglomerate.
Quartz cobbles set in a poorly sorted, sandy matrix; includes conglomeratic sandstone.
Medium to coarse grained, light to dark bluish gray, predominantly plagioclase; local alteration minerals.
Includes, in descending order, the Pinesburg Station (Ops), Rockdale Run (Orr), and Stonehenge (Os) Formations.
Lower Cambrian of Berks County includes tectonic slices of many of the following rock units: Zooks Corner (CAzc), Ledger (CAl), Kinzers (CAk), Vintage (CAv), Antietam (CAa, CAah), and Harpers (CAh, CAah) Formations.
Bluish-black slate (Peach Bottom); quartz conglomerate having a matrix of sericite and chlorite (Cardiff).
Chemically pure limestone; occurs at top of Benner Formation.
Fine-grained, unconsolidated sand deposited by lake currents.
Andesite extrusives and dark-greenish-gray metadiabase. Metadiabase weathers medium gray to brown, forming rounded cobbles and boulders.
Buff, medium-grained, crossbedded sandstone and some conglomerate (Pocono), overlying buff to olive-gray, fine- to medium-grained, crossbedded sandstone containing a few beds of shale and conglomerate (Rockwell); shown in southwestern Bedford County only.
Medium-gray calcareous shale; marine fossils; medium-gray argillaceous limestone of Selinsgrove Member at top; called ""Needmore Formation"" west of 78ø longitude; Tioga bentonite at top.
Intensely colored, variegated, ferruginous clay and, in places, beds of sand; occurs in isolated patches.
Includes, in descending order, the Hershey and Myerstown Formations, undivided (Ohm) and Annville Formation (Oan).
Shale, siltstone; Rushford Sandstone; Caneadea, Canisteo, and Hume Shales; Canaseraga Sandstone; South Wales and Dunkirk Shales.
Coarse to medium grained, granitic; contacts range from sharp to narrowly gradational; some zoning in places.
Dark-gray, fine-grained intrusives; locally, mineralogy is altered and unit has greenish color.
Shale, sandstone, conglomerate.
Sandstone, shale, conglomerate.
Sandstone, shale; Hanover and Pipe Creek Shales.
Shale, siltstone; Roricks Glen Shale.
Arkosic sandstone; fossiliferous, gray to black shale and limestone; ripple-cross-laminated siltstone; and boulder conglomerate.
In west: Ellicott and Dexterville Formations-shale, siltstone. In east: Germania Formation-shale, sandstone; Whitesville Formation-shale, sandstone; Hinsdale Sandstone; Wellsville Formation-shale, sandstone; Cuba Sandstone.
Sandstone, shale.
White, coarsely crystalline; disseminated graphite flakes.
Light gray, coarsely crystalline; contains graphite flakes in places.
Nunda: sandstone, shale; West Hill: shale, siltstone; Corning Shale.
Predominantly medium- to coarse-grained, light-gray, light-grayish-brown, or yellowish- to pinkish-gray arkosic sandstone and medium- to fine-grained, violet-gray to reddish-brown arkosic sandstone; with lesser, reddish to purplish-brown, silty mudstone, argillaceous siltstone, and shale. Some coarse-grained sandstone in lower part contains thick beds of conglomerate (Trsc) which have been mapped in the vicinity of Stockton. Sandstone, deposited in high-gradient stream channels, is mostly planar bedded with scoured bases containing pebble lags and mudstone rip-up clasts. Upper part of channel beds are burrowed. Large-scale trough crossbeds occur in some very coarse grained sandstone beds; smaller scale trough and climbing-ripple cross lamination occur in the upper part of channel sequences and in finer grained sandstone beds. Typical floodplain mudstones are irregularly thin bedded and extensively burrowed. Floodplain beds are thicker and more numerous in the central Newark basin, near the Delaware River. Thickness of the unit (including Trsc) near Stockton is about 1,240 m (4,068 ft).
Shale, siltstone, sandstone; replaced eastwardly by Cattaraugus Formation-shale, sandstone, conglomerate.
Shale, sandstone, conglomerate.
Gray, thin-bedded, argillaceous limestone interbedded with shale, siltstone, and sandstone.
Local limestone masses (wildflysch).
(Olsen, 1980) - Reddish-brown to brownish-purple and grayish-red siltstone and shale (JTrp) maximum thickness 3,600 m (11,810 ft). At places contains mapped sandy mudstone (JTrpms), sandstone (JTrps), conglomeratic sandstone (JTrpsc) and conglomerate containing clasts of quartzite (JTrpcq), or limestone (JTrpcl). Formation coarsens up section and to the southwest. Quartzite conglomerate unit (JTrpcq) is reddish-brown pebble conglomerate, pebbly sandstone, and sandstone, in upward-fining sequences 1 to 2 m (3-6 ft) thick. Clasts are subangular to subrounded, quartz and quartzite in sandstone matrix. Sandstone is medium to coarse grained, feldspathic (up to 20 percent feldspar), and locally contains pebble and cobble layers. Conglomerate thickness exceeds 850 m (2,790 ft). Limestone conglomerate unit (JTrpcl) is medium-bedded to massive, pebble to boulder conglomerate. Clasts are subangular dolomitic limestone in matrix of brownish- to purplish-red sandstone to mudstone; matrix weathers light-gray to white near faults. Maximum thickness unknown. Conglomeratic sandstone (JTrpsc) is brownish-red pebble conglomerate, medium- to coarse-grained, feldspathic sandstone and micaceous siltstone; unit is planar to low-angle trough cross laminated, burrowed, and contains local pebble layers. Unit forms upward-fining sequences 0.5 to 2.5 m (1.6-8 ft) thick. Conglomeratic sandstone thickness exceeds 800 m (2,625 ft). Sandstone (JTrps) is interbedded grayish-red to brownish-red, medium- to fine-grained, medium- to thick-bedded sandstone and brownish-to purplish-red coarse-grained siltstone; unit is planar to ripple cross-laminated, fissile, locally calcareous, containing desiccation cracks and root casts. Upward-fining cycles are 1.8 to 4.6 m (6-15 ft) thick. Sandstone beds are coarser and thicker near conglomerate units (JTrpcq, JTrpcl). Maximum thickness about 1,100 m (3,610 ft). Sandy mudstone (JTrpms) is reddish-brown to brownish-red, massive, silty to sandy mudstone and siltstone, which are bioturbated, ripple cross-laminated and interbedded with lenticular sandstone. To southwest where similar lithologic units also occur, they have not been mapped separately, but have been included in undivided unit JTrp. Rhythmic cycles 2 to 7 m (7-23 ft) of thick gray-bed sequences (Trpg), termed Van Houten cycles by Olsen (1985), contain basal thin-bedded to finely laminated shale to siltstone, which grade upward through laminated to microlaminated, locally calcareous mudstone to siltstone and finally into massive silty mudstone. Lowest part of cycle has some desiccation features and local fossils; middle part has highest organic content and the most fossils; highest part contains mudcracks, burrows, and root casts. Gray-bed cycles are abundant in lower half of Passaic Formation and less common in upper half. Rocks of the Passaic Formation have been locally thermally metamorphosed to hornfels where in contact with the Orange Mountain Basalt, diabase dikes, and sheetlike intrusions. Total thickness of formation ranges from 3500 to 3600 m (11480-11810 ft).
Predominantly red beds consisting of argillaceous siltstone; silty mudstone; argillaceous, very fine grained sandstone; and shale; mostly reddish-brown to brownish-purple, and grayish-red. Red beds occur typically in 3- to 7-m (10- to 23-ft-)-thick, cyclic playa-lake-mudflat sequences and fining-upward fluvial sequences. Lamination is commonly indistinct due to burrowing, desiccation, and paleosol formation. Where layering is preserved, most bedforms are wavy parallel lamination and trough and climbing-ripple cross lamination. Calcite- or dolomite-filled vugs and flattened cavities, mostly 0.5 to 0.2 mm (0.02-0.08 in) across, occur mostly in the lower half. Sand-filled burrows, 2 to 5 mm (0.08-0.2 in) in diameter, are prevalent in the upper two-thirds of the unit. Desiccation cracks, intraformational breccias, and curled silt laminae are abundant in the lower half. Lake cycles, mostly 2 to 5 m (7-16 ft) thick, have a basal, greenish-gray, argillaceous siltstone; a medial, dark-gray to black, pyritic, carbonaceous, fossiliferous, and, in places, calcareous lake-bottom fissile mudstone or siltstone; and an upper thick-bedded, gray to reddish and purplish-gray argillaceous siltstone with desiccation cracks, intraformational breccias, burrows, and mineralized vugs. Thickness of the formation between Sourland Mountain and Sand Brook syncline is about 3,500 m (11,483 ft).
Greenish-gray and grayish-purple shale interbedded with greenish-gray sandstone and conglomerate; occurs in Henrietta fault block only.
Grayish-red siltstone, shale, and sandstone arranged in fining-upward cycles.
(Wherry, 1909) - Very thin to very thick bedded dolomite containing minor orthoquartzite and shale. Upper part is medium-light- to medium-dark-gray, fine- to medium-grained, locally coarse-grained, medium- to very thick bedded dolomite. Floating quartz sand grains and two sequences of medium-light- to very light gray, thin-bedded quartzite and discontinuous, dark-gray chert lenses occur directly below upper contact. Rhythmically bedded lower dolomite beds alternate between light and dark gray weathering, medium and very light gray, fine and medium grained, and thin and medium bedded, which are interbedded with shaly dolomite. Ripple marks, crossbeds, edgewise conglomerate, mud cracks, oolites, and algal stromatolites occur throughout unit, but more typically in lower part. Shaly dolomite increases downward toward lower conformable contact with the Leithsville Formation. Oldest beds contain trilobite fauna of early Late Cambrian age; younger beds contain latest Cambrian fauna (Howell, 1945; Howell and others, 1950). Thickness about 580 m (1,900 ft).
(Vanuxem, 1840) - Medium-gray weathering, dark-gray to grayish-black, thin- to thick-bedded, fossiliferous, fissile and limonite-stained locally arenaceous shale. Lower contact grades downward over 12 m (40 ft) from black shale through limy shale, into silty limestone of the Buttermilk Falls Limestone (documented in drill core data of Fletcher and Woodrow, 1970). Approximately 274 m (900 ft) thick.
Ranges from fine- to medium-grained, altered gabbro to hornblende gneiss.
(Drake and Epstein, 1967) - Interbedded medium- to dark gray, thinly laminated to thick-bedded shale and slate and less abundant medium-gray to brownish-gray, laminated to thin-bedded siltstone. To the southwest, fine-grained, thin dolomite lenses occur near base. Complete turbidite sequences (Bouma, 1962) occur locally, but basal cutout sequences (Tbcde, Tcde or Tde) dominate. Conformable lower contact is placed at top of highest shaly limestone; elsewhere, lower contact is commonly strain slipped. Correlates with graptolite Climacograptus bicornis to Corynoides americanus zones of Riva (1969, 1974) (Parris and Cruikshank, 1992). Thickness ranges from 1,250 m (4,100 ft) in Delaware River Valley to 457 m (1,500 ft) at New York State line.
Bluish-gray to silvery-green, fine-grained, muscovite-chlorite-albite-quartz schist; intensely cleaved and closely folded; contains interbedded quartzites.
(Clarke and Schuchert, 1899) - Very thin to thick-bedded, interbedded dolomite and minor limestone. Upper beds are light-olive-gray to dark-gray, fine- to medium-grained, thin- to thick-bedded dolomite. Middle part is olivegray-, light-brown-, or dark-yellowish-orange- weathering, dark-gray, aphanitic to fine-grained, laminated to medium-bedded dolomite and light-gray to light-bluish-gray-weathering, medium-dark- to dark-gray, fine-grained, thin- to medium-bedded limestone, that is characterized by mottling with reticulate dolomite and light-olive-gray to grayish-orange, dolomitic shale laminae surrounding limestone lenses. Limestone grades laterally and down section into medium- gray, fine-grained dolomite. Lower beds consist of medium-light- to dark-gray, aphanitic to coarse-grained, laminated to medium-bedded, locally slightly fetid dolomite having thin black chert beds, quartz-sand laminae, and oolites. Lenses of light-gray, very coarse to coarse-grained dolomite and floating quartz sand grains and quartz-sand stringers at base of sequence. Lower contact placed at top of distinctive medium-gray quartzite. Contains conodonts of Cordylodus proavus to Rossodus manitouensis zones of North American Midcontinent province as used by Sweet and Bergstrom (1986). Unit Obl forms Stonehenge Formation of Drake and Lyttle (1985) and Drake and others (1985), upper and middle beds are included in Epler Formation, and lower beds are in Rickenbach Dolomite of Markewicz and Dalton (1977). Unit is about 183 m (600 ft) thick.
Medium-light-gray to medium-gray, finely crystalline, thick-bedded limestone, containing dark siliceous laminae, edgewise conglomerate beds, and fossil-fragment lenses; dolomite beds increase in number eastward.
Beers Hill, Dunn Hill, Millport, and Moreland Shales; Grimes Siltstone.
(White, 1883) (High Falls Shale of previous usage) - Grayish-red, thin- to thick-bedded, poorly to moderately well sorted, massive siltstone, sandstone, and local quartz-pebble conglomerate containing local planar to trough crossbedded laminations. Conglomerate consists of matrix-supported quartz pebbles in grayish-red, fine-grained sandstone matrix. Locally, near base of unit, is greenish-gray, light-gray, or grayish-orange, massive, planar tabular to trough crossbedded quartz sandstone to siltstone with subrounded grains. Lower part of formation marked by several upward-fining sequences of light-gray sandstone grading through grayish-red, fine-grained sandstone and siltstone to grayish-red, mudcracked siltstone and mudstone. Each sequence is 1 to 3 m (3-10 ft) thick. Lower contact placed at bottom of lowermost red sandstone. Thickness approximately 460 m (1,510 ft).
Sand, fine- to coarse-grained, locally gravelly, crossbedded, light-colored, interbedded with white or variegated red and yellow, massive clay, and rarely dark-gray, woody clay. The Potomac Formation crops out only in the Delaware River valley where the river and its tributaries have eroded away the overlying formations. The Potomac has been mapped in a broad belt parallel to the inner edge of the Coastal Plain. Although mapped in a broad belt, the Potomac is very poorly exposed because of the widespread cover of surficial sediments. The best exposures occur where surficial material is mined away in the Camden area. Unit is about 45 m (148 ft) thick. Contact with the overlying Magothy Formation is difficult to pick where the basal Magothy also contains variegated clays. Most of the basal Magothy has more dark-colored clay, and the contact was drawn by using this criterion. The basal contact of the Potomac with the underlying crystalline rock is not exposed in New Jersey. Biostratigraphically, the Potomac has been separated into pollen zones I, II, and III (Doyle, 1969; Doyle and Robbins, 1977). Samples from the Potomac Formation in the Camden area and along the Delaware River nearby contain pollen assemblages of early Cenomanian age (Zone III) (Les Sirkin, written commun., 1988).
Red, maroon, and gray sandstone, siltstone, and shale; basal conglomerate member: From vicinity of Maryland Rte. 73 and southward, limestone conglomerate with red and gray calcareous matrix; northward, quartz conglomerate with red sandy matrix; estimated total thickness 4,5000 feet.
Quartzite conglomerate unit (JTrpcq) is reddish-brown pebble conglomerate, pebbly sandstone, and sandstone, in upward-fining sequences 1 to 2 m (3-6 ft) thick. Clasts are subangular to subrounded, quartz and quartzite in sandstone matrix. Sandstone is medium to coarse grained, feldspathic (up to 20 percent feldspar), and locally contains pebble and cobble layers. Conglomerate thickness exceeds 850 m (2,790 ft).
Dense micaceous schist, gneiss and migmatite.
Predominantly cyclic lacustrine sequences of silty, dolomitic or analcime-bearing argillite; laminated mudstone; silty to calcareous, argillaceous very fine grained sandstone and pyritic siltstone; and minor silty limestone, mostly light- to dark-gray, greenishgray, and black. Grayish-red, grayish-purple, and dark-brownish-red sequences (Trlr) occur in some places, especially in upper half. Two types of cycles are recognized: freshwater-lake (detrital) and alkaline-lake (chemical) cycles. Freshwater-lake cycles average 5.2 m (17 ft) thick. They consist of basal, transgressive, fluvial to lake-margin deposits that are argillaceous, very fine grained sandstone to coarse siltstone with indistinct lamination, planar or cross lamination, or are disrupted by convolute bedding, desiccation cracks, root casts, soil-ped casts, and tubes. Medial lake-bottom deposits are laminated siltstones, silty mudstones, or silty limestones that are dark gray to black with calcite laminae and grains and lenses, or streaks of pyrite; fossils are common, including fish scales and articulated fish, conchostracans, plants, spores, and pollen. Upper regressive lake margin, playa lake, and mudflat deposits are light- to dark-gray silty mudstone to argillitic siltstone or very fine grained sandstone, mostly thick bedded to massive, with desiccation cracks, intraformational breccias, faint wavy laminations, burrows, euhedral pyrite grains, and dolomite or calcite specks. Alkaline-lake cycles are similar to freshwater-lake cycles, but are thinner, averaging 3 m (10 ft), have fewer fossils (mainly conchostracans), and commonly have red beds, extensive desiccation features, and abundant analcime and dolomite specks in the upper parts of cycles. Thickness near Byram is about 1,070 m (3,510 ft). The formation thins to the southeast and northeast; thickness near Princeton is less than 700 m (2,297 ft).
(Drake and Epstein, 1967) - Interbedded medium- to dark-gray, to brownish-gray, fine- to medium-grained, thin- to thick-bedded graywacke sandstone and siltstone and medium- to dark-gray, laminated to thin-bedded shale and slate. Unit may form complete turbidite sequences, Tabcde (Bouma, 1962), but basal cutout sequences Tcde dominate. Basal scour, sole marks, and soft-sediment distortion of beds are common in graywacke. Thermally metamorphosed near intrusive bodies. Lower contact placed at bottom of lowest thick- to very thick bedded graywacke, but contact locally grades through sequence of dominantly thin-bedded shale and slate and minor thin- to medium-bedded discontinuous and lenticular graywacke beds in the Bushkill member. Parris and Cruikshank (1992) correlate unit with Orthograptus ruedemanni to lowest part of Climacograptus spiniferus zones of Riva (1969, 1974). Thickness ranges from 640 m (2,100 ft) in Delaware River Valley, to 1,524 m (5,000 ft) near Stillwater, to 1067 m (3,500 ft) at New York State line.
Shale, siltstone. In eastern Orange County: Skunnemunk Formation-sandstone, conglomerate; Bellvale Formation-shale, sandstone; Cornwall Shale.
Sandstone, shale.
Concordant to discordant, predominantly sheet-like intrusions of medium- to fine-grained diabase and dikes of fine-grained diabase; dark-greenish-gray to black; subophitic texture. Dense, hard, sparsely fractured rock composed mostly of plagioclase (An50-70), clinopyroxene (mostly augite), and magnetite-ilmenite. Orthopyroxene (En75-80) is locally abundant in the lower part of the sheets. Accessory minerals include apatite, quartz, alkali feldspar, hornblende, sphene, zircon, and rare olivine. Diabase in the map area was derived primarily from high-titanium, quartz-tholeiite magma. Sedimentary rocks within about 300 m (984 ft) above and 200 m (656 ft) below major diabase sheets are thermally metamorphosed. Red mudstone is typically altered to indurated, bluish-gray hornfels with clots or crystals of tourmaline or cordierite. Gray argillitic siltstone is typically altered to brittle, black, very fine grained hornfels. Sills are 365 to 400 m (1,197-1,312 ft) thick. Dikes range in thickness from 3 to 10 m (10-33 ft) and are many kilometers long.
Non-marine cyclic sequences of sandstone, siltstone, red and gray shale, limestone, and coal. Contains the Greene, Washington and Waynesburg Formations. Extends from the top of the exposed bed rock section to the top of the Waynesburg coal. Includes the Washington coals and limestones. Palynological evidence favors a Pennsylvanian age, at least for the lower portion.
Predominantly medium- to coarse-grained, light-gray, light-grayish-brown, or yellowish- to pinkish-gray arkosic sandstone and medium- to fine-grained, violet-gray to reddish-brown arkosic sandstone; with lesser, reddish to purplish-brown, silty mudstone, argillaceous siltstone, and shale. Some coarse-grained sandstone in lower part contains thick beds of conglomerate (Trsc) which have been mapped in the vicinity of Stockton. Sandstone, deposited in high-gradient stream channels, is mostly planar bedded with scoured bases containing pebble lags and mudstone rip-up clasts. Upper part of channel beds are burrowed. Large-scale trough crossbeds occur in some very coarse grained sandstone beds; smaller scale trough and climbing-ripple cross lamination occur in the upper part of channel sequences and in finer grained sandstone beds. Typical floodplain mudstones are irregularly thin bedded and extensively burrowed. Floodplain beds are thicker and more numerous in the central Newark basin, near the Delaware River. Thickness of the unit (including Trsc) near Stockton is about 1,240 m (4,068 ft).
"Chemung" Formation - Predominantly marine beds characterized by gray to olive-green graywacke, siltstone, and shale; thickened ranges from 2,000 to 3,000 feet; Parkhead Sandstone - Gray to olive-green sandy shale, conglomeratic sandstone and graywacke; present in Washington County, identification uncertain in west; thickness averages 400 feet; Brallier Fomation - (Woodmont Shale of earlier reports). Medium to dark gray, laminated shale and siltstone; weathers to light olive-gray; grain size coarsens upward; thickness about 2,000 feet in west, about 1,7000 feet in east; and Harrell Shale - Dark gray laminated shale; absent in east where Brallier lies directly on Mahantango, Tully Limestone lies near base in west, in subsurface of Garrett County; total thickness in west 140 to 300 feet.
Muscovite-chlorite-albite schist, muscovite-chlorite schist, chloritoid schist, and quartzite; intensely folded and cleaved.
Buttermilk Falls Limestone in southwestern part of outcrop belt grades into Onondaga Limestone along strike to northeast. The transition occurs north of Millville. Buttermilk Falls Limestone (Middle Devonian) (Willard, 1938) - Light- to medium-light-gray-weathering, medium- to dark-gray, thin- to medium-bedded, fossiliferous, flaggy, clayey to silty limestone and nodular black chert. Lower contact grades downward through several meters (feet) of silty limestone to interbedded limestone and calcareous siltstone of the Schoharie Formation. Thickness is approximately 82 m (270 ft). Onondaga Limestone (Middle Devonian) (Vanuxem 1840) - Light-medium-gray- weathering, medium gray, fine-grained, thin- to thick-bedded fossiliferous limestone. Black chert more abundant in upper half of unit. Lower contact grades into interbedded limestone and calcareous siltstone of the Schoharie Formation. Thickness approximately 60 m (200ft).
Conglomeratic sandstone (JTrpsc) is brownish-red pebble conglomerate, medium- to coarse-grained, feldspathic sandstone and micaceous siltstone; unit is planar to low-angle trough cross laminated, burrowed, and contains local pebble layers. Unit forms upward-fining sequences 0.5 to 2.5 m (1.6-8 ft) thick. Conglomeratic sandstone thickness exceeds 800 m (2,625 ft).
(Wherry, 1909) - Thin- to thick-bedded dolomite containing subordinate siliciclastic rocks. Upper part is medium- to medium-dark-gray, fine- to medium-grained, pitted, friable, mottled and massive dolomite. Middle part is medium-gray, stylolitic, fine-grained, thin- to medium-bedded dolomite that is interbedded with shaly dolomite and, less commonly, vari-colored quartz sandstone, siltstone, and shale. Lower part is medium-gray, medium-grained, medium-bedded dolomite containing quartz-sand grains in stringers and lenses near the contact with the Hardyston Quartzite. Archaeocyathids of Early Cambrian age suggest an intraformational disconformity separating rocks of Middle and Early Cambrian age (Palmer and Rozanov, 1976). Thickness approximately 305 m (1,000 ft).
(Clarke and Schuchert, 1899) - Locally preserved upper beds are light- to medium-gray- to yellowish-gray-weathering, medium-light- to medium-gray, aphanitic to medium-grained, thin- to thick-bedded, locally laminated, slightly fetid dolomite. Medium-dark to dark-gray, fine-grained, medium-bedded, sparsely fossiliferous limestone lenses occur locally. Lower beds are medium-dark- to dark-gray, medium- to coarse-grained, mottled surface weathering, medium- to thick-bedded, strongly fetid dolomite that contains pods and lenses of dark-gray to black chert. Cauliflower-textured black chert beds of variable thickness occur locally. Gradational lower contact is placed at top of laminated to thin-bedded dolomite of the lower part (Obl) of the Beekmantown Group. Contains conodonts high in the Rossodus manitouensis zone to low zone D of the North American midcontinent province as used by Sweet and Bergstrom (1986). Upper beds are included in Epler Formation; lower beds are included in Rickenbach Dolomite of Drake and Lyttle (1985) and Drake and others (1985); entire upper part (Obu) is Ontelaunee Formation of Markewicz and Dalton (1977). Thickness ranges from 0 to 244 m (0-800 ft).
Red shale and soft red sandstone and siltstone; estimated thickness less than 5,000 feet.
Shale, sandstone, conglomerate.
(Kmmel, 1908; Miller, 1937) - Upper part is medium- to dark-gray, laminated to thin-bedded shaly limestone and less abundant medium-gray arenaceous limestone containing quartz-sand lenses. Upper part thin to absent to northeast. Lower part is interbedded medium- to dark-gray, fine- to medium-grained, very thin to medium-bedded fossiliferous limestone and minor medium- to thick-bedded dolomite-cobble conglomerate having a limestone matrix. Unconformable on Beekmantown Group and conformable on the discontinuous sequence at Wantage in the Paulins Kill area. Contains conodonts of North American midcontinent province from Phragmodus undatus to Aphelognathus shatzeri zones of Sweet and Bergstrom (1986). Thickness ranges from 41 to 244m (135-800 ft).
White-weathering, light-greenish-gray, medium- to coarse-grained, moderately layered to indistinctly foliated gneiss and lesser amounts of granofels composed of quartz, oligoclase or andesine, and, locally, biotite, hornblende and (or) clinopyroxene. Contains thin amphibolite layers.
Cuyahoga Formation - shale, sandstone; Corry Sandstone; Knapp Formation - shale, conglomerate 60-100 ft. (20-30 m).
Brown to dark bluish-gray banded shale, to light bluish-gray, finely laminated phyllite; distinctively pale purple in basal part; bedding obscured by cleavage; increasingly metamorphosed toward east from shale to slate and phyllite; estimated thickness 2,000 feet.
Upper Triassic gray lake deposits (Trpg) consist of gray to black silty mudstone, gray and greenish- to purplish-gray argillaceous siltstone, black shale, and medium- to dark-gray, argillaceous, fine-grained sandstone and are abundant in the lower half of the Passaic Formation. Gray lakebeds occur in groups of two to five cycles although they also occur as single cycles in some parts of the formation. Several lakebed sequences consisting of one or two thick groups of drab-colored beds as much as 30 m (98 ft) thick or more can be traced over tens of kilometers. Many gray-bed sequences are locally correlated within fault blocks; some can be correlated across major faults or intrusive rock units. Thickness of the (entire Passaic) formation between Sourland Mountain and Sand Brook syncline is about 3,500 m (11,483 ft).
Interbedded red shale, red mudstone, and red to brown cross-bedded siltstone and sandstone; some thin green shale; greenish-gray sandstone and shale toward top; fragmentary plant fossils; thickness 1,400 to 2,000 feet in west, increases to 3,800 feet in east.
Non-marine cyclic sequences of sandstone, siltstone, red and gray shale, limestone, and coal. Contains the Uniontown and Pittsburgh Formations. Extends from the top of the Waynesburg coal to the base of the Pittsburgh coal. Includes the Waynesburg, Uniontown, Sewickley, Redstone and Pittsburgh coals. Thickness is 170 feet in Mineral and Grant Counties.
White to dark gray and brown, thick-bedded, fine- to coarse-grained quartzite with thin argillaceous partings; first occurrence of Lower Cambrian fossils; cleavage generally obscures bedding; increasingly metamorphosed and phyllitic toward east; estimated thickness 300 to 800 feet.
Sills: Greenish-gray to black, medium-grained; dikes: Greenish-gray to black, medium- to dine-grained; local contact metamorphic aureoles.
Gray- to tan-weathering, greenish-gray to greenish-brown, medium-grained, moderately well layered and foliated, greasy-lustered gneiss of charnockitic affinity composed of andesine or oligoclase, quartz, clinopyroxene, hornblende, hypersthene, and sparse amounts of biotite. Commonly interlayered with amphibolite and mafic-rich quartz-plagioclase gneiss.
Rhythmic cycles 2 to 7 m (7-23 ft) of thick gray-bed sequences (Trpg), termed Van Houten cycles by Olsen (1985), contain basal thin-bedded to finely laminated shale to siltstone, which grade upward through laminated to micro-laminated, locally calcareous mudstone to siltstone and finally into massive silty mudstone. Lowest part of cycle has some desiccation features and local fossils; middle part has highest organic content and the most fossils; highest part contains mudcracks, burrows, and root casts. Gray-bed cycles are abundant in lower half of Passaic Formation and less common in upper half.
(White, 1882) - Greenish-gray, finely crystalline to aphanitic, thin- to medium-bedded, flaggy dolomite containing discontinuous lenses of disseminated, rounded quartz grains. Some local quartz sandstone beds and argillaceous dolomite. Lower contact gradational (Epstein, 1973). Formation poorly exposed; located by drill data. Thickness estimated at 183 m (600 ft) from well data.
(Vanuxem, 1842) - Medium-gray weathering, medium- to dark-gray, laminated to medium-bedded, partly massive, shaly to finely arenaceous siltstone, containing minor calcareous siltstone near top, locally limonite stained. Contains Taonurus. Rocks are cleaved in southwest and extreme northeast part of outcrop belt but not in central region. Lower contact sharp and unconformable where underlying Oriskany Group is coarse quartz sandstone. Elsewhere, lower contact conformable; fine sandstone to siltstone grades downward several meters into silty limestone. Thickness approximately 91 m (300 ft).
Shale, siltstone; Rushford Sandstone; Caneadea, Canisteo, and Hume Shales; Canaseraga Sandstone; South Wales and Dunkirk Shales; In Pennsylvania: Towanda Formation-shale, sandstone.
Amphibolite
Gneiss and granofels range in composition from felsic to intermediate to mafic; intermediate compositions predominate. Contains a wide variety of rock types including graphitic schist and marble. Many rocks were injected by a granitoid that has blue quartz and augen of potassic feldspar and are arteritic migmatites. One body of gneiss contains a 1 m by 0.5 m (3 by 2 ft) phacoid of gabbro that is interpreted to be an olistolith. Unit probably represents a sequence of meta-sedimentary and metavolcanic rocks that have been heavily injected and migmatized by felsic magma.
Sandstone, shale; Sharon Formation-shale, sandstone, conglomerate; Olean Conglomerate 50-100 ft. (15-30 m).
From vicinity of Maryland Rte. 73 northward, quartz conglomerate with red sandy matrix
Pegmatite
Pocono Group - Gray, white, tan, and brown, thin- to thick-bedded, cross-bedded sandstone, locally conglomeratic; interbedded gray and reddish-brown shale, mudstone, and siltstone; fragmentary plant fossils. Undifferentiated in Garrett and western Allegeny Counties. Includes Purslane Sandstone - White, thick-bedded, coarse-grained sandstone and conglomerate with thin coal beds and red shales. Eastern Allegany and Washington Counties. And also inlcudes Rockwell Formation - Coarse-grained arkosic sandstone, fine-grained conglomerate, and buff shale; dark shale with thin coal beds near base. Eastern Allegany and Washington Counties.
Pinkish-gray- to medium-buff-weathering, pinkish-white or light-pinkish-gray, medium- to coarse-grained, gneissoid to indistinctly foliated granite and sparse granite gneiss composed principally of microcline microperthite, quartz, oligoclase, and hornblende. Some phases are quartz syenite or quartz monzonite. Includes small bodies of pegmatite and amphibolite not shown on map. U-Pb age approximately 1,090 Ma (Drake and others, 1991b).
Seneca, Morehouse (cherty), and Nedrow Limestone Members, Edgecliff cherty Limestone Member, local bioherms, Buttermilk Falls Limestone Member; Schoharie Formation-shale, limestone; Carlisle Center Siltstone; Esopus Shale.
(White, 1882) - Light-gray to yellowish- gray-weathering, medium-gray to medium-dark-gray, very fine grained, locally fossiliferous, laminated to thin-bedded limestone and argillaceous limestone. Desiccation polygons occur in southwest. Lower contact is gradational and placed at top of uppermost dolomite. Thickness approximately 30 m (100 ft) in southwest, thinning to 3.1 m (10 ft) at New Jersey-New York State boundary.
Limestone conglomerate unit (JTrpcl) is medium-bedded to massive, pebble to boulder conglomerate. Clasts are subangular dolomitic limestone in matrix of brownish- to purplish-red sandstone to mudstone; matrix weathers light-gray to white near faults. Maximum thickness unknown.
Pink- to buff-weathering, light-pinkish-gray or pinkish-white, medium- to coarse-grained, gneissoid to indistinctly foliated granite composed principally of microcline microperthite, quartz and oligoclase. Includes small bodies of amphibolite not shown on map.
(Formerly mapped as Peters Creek Formation.) Rhythmically interbedded chlorite-muscovite meta-graywacke and fine-grained chlorite-muscovite schist; graded bedding locally preserved; thickness probably 2,000 to 3,000 feet.
Hard, bluish-black graphitic slate; thin beds of fine-grained black quartzite near base; apparent maximum thickness 1,000 feet.
(Clarke, 1903) - Upper part is medium-gray- weathering, dark-to-medium-dark-gray, thin- to medium-bedded, fossiliferous, calcareous siltstone and shale. Lower part is medium-dark-gray, irregularly bedded nonfossiliferous, calcareous silty shale. Lower contact abrupt and placed at top of uppermost medium-gray, argillaceous limestone in Minisink Limestone. Thickness approximately 46 m (150 ft).
(Willard, 1938) - Thickness ranges from 38 m (125 ft) in southwest to 52 m (170 ft) in northeast. Ridgely Sandstone (Swartz and others, 1913) - White-weathering, medium-gray, medium- to thick-bedded, carbonate-cemented quartz-pebble conglomerate and coarse quartz sandstone, which contain abundant brachiopods. Moderately well sorted, subrounded sand gains. Unit thins northeastward and pinches out at Peters Valley. Lower contact abrupt. Thickness ranges from 0 to 10 m (0-32 ft). Shriver Chert (Swartz and others, 1913) - Medium- to dark-gray-weathering, black to dark-gray, medium-to-thick-bedded siltstone and shale containing interbedded black chert and local chert-bearing limestone. Present only in southwestern part of outcrop area where lower contact is gradational with silty limestone of Glenarie Formation. Thickness ranges from 0 to 9 m (0-30 ft). Glenarie Formation (Chadwick, 1908) - Medium-gray-weathering, medium- to dark-gray, fine-grained, thin- to medium-bedded, fossiliferous, silty limestone, and local chert lenses. Unit thickens to northeast. Lower contact probably gradational. Thickness ranges from 17 to 52 m (55-170 ft).
Rondout Formation (Clarke and Schuchert, 1899) - Upper part is medium-gray weathering, medium-dark-gray, very fine to fine-grained, medium-bedded, fossiliferous, argillaceous limestone. Middle part is light-medium-gray-weathering, medium-gray, laminated to medium-bedded, argillaceous dolomite. Locally contains deep desiccation polygons. Lower part is medium-gray-weathering, medium- to dark-gray, very fine to medium-grained, medium-bedded fossiliferous limestone. Silurian-Devonian boundary placed in middle of formation (Denkler and Harris, 1988). Lower contact abrupt and placed at top of highest calcareous quartz sandstone. Thickness approximately 12 m (40 ft). Decker Formation (White, 1882) - Light-gray- to yellowish-gray-weathering, light- to medium-gray, calcareous quartz siltstone, sandstone, and fine-pebble conglomerate locally interbedded with fossiliferous medium-gray, medium- to coarse-grained limestone and very fine grained, thin- to medium-bedded dolomite. Lower contact gradational. Thickness varies from 15 m (50 ft) near Duttonville to 25 m (82 ft) at Wallpack Center.
(Wolff and Brooks, 1898) - Medium- to light-gray, fine- to coarse-grained, medium- to thick-bedded quartzite, arkosic sandstone and dolomitic sandstone. Basal pebble to cobble conglomerate typically contains clasts of local basement affinities. Contains fragments of the trilobite Olenellus thompsoni of Early Cambrian age. Thickness approximately 0.5 to 62 m (1.6-200 ft).
(Vanuxem, 1840) - Yellowish-gray- to locally pale-olive-weathering, medium- to dark-gray, medium- to thick-bedded, calcaeous siltstone and lesser amounts of silty limestone. Locally contains thin ribs or pods of black chert in limestone. Limestone content decreases in lower part of unit. Contains the trace fossil Taonurus, a grazing trail. Lower contact gradational and placed at top of highest massive siltstone below lowest limestone. Thickness approximately 53 m (175 ft).
Chiefly serpentinite with partly to completely altered dunite, peridotite, pyroxenite, and massive to schistose soapstone; talc-carbonate rock and altered gabbro are common in some bodies.
Silvery-gray, well foliated, micaceous quartz-pebble metaconglomerate and quartzite; apparent maximum thickness 700 feet.
At New York border consists of fine-grained, chert-bearing, argillaceous limestone (Kalkberg Limestone) grading downward through coarse-grained limestone (Coeymans Limestone) into fine-grained limestone (Manlius Limestone). Toward southwest these units grade into fine- to coarse-grained limestone with a marked increase in quartz sand that comprises the Coeymans Formation (Epstein and others, 1967). Total thickness 27 m (90 ft). Coeymans Formation (Epstein and others, 1967) - Medium-light-gray, fine- to coarse-grained calcareous sandstone and medium-gray, fine- to coarse-grained, medium- to thick-bedded, locally irregularly-bedded, argillaceous to arenaceous limestone containing lenses of quartz sand and nodules of black chert. Grades downward into medium-gray, fine-grained, argillaceous and arenaceous limestone containing local beds of fine- to coarse-grained pebbly calcareous sandstone. Local bioherms consisting of light-gray to light-pinkish-gray, coarse-grained to very coarse biogenic limestone are unbedded and have sharp boundaries. Lower contact of unit abrupt. Formation thickness varies from 11 m (35 ft) in northeast to 24 m (80 ft) in southwest. Kalkberg Limestone (Chadwick, 1908) - Medium-gray-weathering, medium-dark-gray, fine-grained, very thin to massively bedded fossiliferous limestone. Grades downward into fine- to medium-grained, thin-bedded, fossiliferous argillaceous limestone containing nodules and lenses of dark-gray chert. Grades to the southwest into calcareous and arenaceous rocks of the upper part of the Coeymans Formation near Wallpack Center. Lower contact placed at base of lowest black chert. Approximately 12 m (40 ft) thick. Coeymans Limestone (Clarke and Schuchert, 1899) - Medium-gray weathering, medium-dark-gray, fine-to-coarse-grained, medium- to massively bedded fossiliferous limestone and local argillaceous limestone lenses. Unit is approximately 9 m (30 ft) thick. Between Duttonville and Millville, grades into biohermal and nonbiohermal facies of medium- to coarse-grained limestone of Coeymans Formation of Epstein and others (1967). Manlius Limestone (Vanuxem, 1840) - Medium-gray weathering, medium-dark- to dark-gray, very fine to fine-grained, unevenly bedded fossiliferous limestone. Some local medium-grained limestone, yellowish-gray shale partings and biostromes. Near Hainesville, unit grades into lower part of Coeymans Formation. Lower contact abrupt and placed at top of uppermost very fine grained argillaceous limestone. Thickness approximately 11 m (35 ft).
Allegheny Formation - Interbedded sandstone, siltstone, claystone, shale, and coal beds; Upper Freeport coal at top; where present, Brookville coal defines base; thickness 275 feet in northeast, increases to 325 feet in south and west. And Pottsville Formation - Interbedded sandstone, siltstone, claystone, shale, and coal beds; conglomeratic orthoquartzite and protoquartzite at base; thickness 60 feet in northeast, increases to 440 feet in southwest
Upper part red calcareous shale and sandstone interbedded with greenish-gray and reddish-gray argillaceous limestone; Loyalhanna Limestone Member: Gray to red, cross-bedded, arenaceous calcarenite; total thickness 200 to 300 feet.
(Hall, in press) - Medium-dark gray, medium- to coarse-grained schist and gneiss composed of biotite, muscovite, quartz, and plagioclase, and local accessory minerals sillimanite, kyanite, tourmaline, and garnet. Contains some interlayered amphibolite. Unit is not exposed in the map area, but is present in boring logs.
Red and green shale, reddish-purple mudstone, and red, green, brown, and gray thin-bedded and cross-bedded sandstones; thickness 500 feet in west, increases to about 800 feet in east.
(Mather, 1840; Epstein and Epstein, 1972) - Upper part is medium- to medium-dark-gray, or dark-greenish-gray, medium- to thick-bedded sandstone and pebble conglomerate having well rounded grains, some of which are limonite stained. Conglomerate consists of matrix-supported quartz and subordinate shale pebbles as long as 5 cm (2 in.) in poorly to well-sorted, planar tabular to trough crossbedded sandstone. Local black to dark-greenish-gray, thin-bedded shale near upper contact. Middle part, occurring in southwest and sporadically in northeast, is light- to medium-dark-gray, greenish-gray, interbedded thin- to medium-bedded, planar tabular to trough cross-bedded shale and sandstone. Grains are well rounded and moderately to well sorted. Contains sparse graphite flakes. Lower part is light- to medium-gray to light-olive-gray, thin- to thick-bedded quartz and feldspathic sandstone, quartzite, and quartz-pebble conglomerate, which is matrix-supported, poorly to well sorted, cross to planar bedded. Clasts are primarily quartz and sparse dark-gray argillite and black chert. Sandstone is feldspathic and locally approaches an arkose in compostion. Lower contact unconformable and, at places, is a fault of small displacement. Thickness approximately 427 m (1,400 ft).
Thick-bedded metabasalt with amygdaloidal layers and secondary veins of quartz, calcite, and epidote; interbedded green tuffaceous phyllite and blue amygdaloidal metaandesite.
Grayish-green, massive to schistose, amygdaloidal metabasalt.
White, fine-grained marble; subordinate white, green, and pink variegated marble; and blue marble.
Gray- to grayish-black, medium-grained amphibolite composed of hornblende and andesine. Some phases contain biotite and (or) clinopyroxene. Ubiquitous and associated with almost all other Middle Proterozoic units. Some amphibolite is clearly metavolcanic in origin, some is metasedimentary, and some appears to be metagabbro.
White-weathering, light-greenish-gray, medium- to coarse-grained granite composed of albite or oligoclase, quartz, and sparse amounts of hornblende or clinopyroxene. Petrogenetically related to quartz-oligoclase gneiss (Ylo) but Yla has a more granulitic texture. Includes small bodies of pegmatite not shown on map.
Alluvial deposits of sand, gravel, silt, and clay.
Cyclic sequences of sandstone, siltstone, shale, limestone, and coal. Includes the Freeport, Kittanning and Clarion coals, also, the Princess coals of Kentucky . Extends from the top of the Upper Freeport coal to the top of the Homewood Sandstone.
Shale; brownish black to greenish gray, weathers brown; carbonaceous to clayey, laminated to thin bedded, fissile parting; carbonate and/or siderite concretions in lowermost 50 feet; petroliferous odor; 250 to 500+ feet thick. Includes Olentangy Shale south of central Delaware Co.
Cyclic sequences of red and gray shale, siltstone, and sandstone, with thin limestones and coals. Mostly non-marine. May be divided into Casselman and Glenshaw Formations. Extends from the base of the Pittsburgh coal to the top of the Upper Freeport coal. Includes the Elk Lick, Bakerstown, and Mahoning coals, and the Ames and Brush Creek Limestones.
Sandstone and shale; upper portion sandstone; brown, weathers light brown to reddish brown; thin to thick bedded, planar to lenticular bedding; minor shale interbeds; 5 to 75 feet thick, locally 100 to 125 feet thickness in Lorain, Cuyahoga, and Medina Counties; lower portion shale; gray to brown, locally reddish brown; thin to medium bedded, planar to lenticular bedding; interbedded siltstone and sandstone, ripple marks in siltstone beds; 80 to 180 feet thick, locally thin to absent where Berea Sandstone is thick.