Preliminary Integrated Geologic Map Databases for the United States Central States: Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Missouri, Arkansas, and Louisiana, - The State of New Mexico

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What does this data set describe?

Title:

Preliminary Integrated Geologic Map Databases for the United States Central States: Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Missouri, Arkansas, and Louisiana, - The State of New Mexico

Abstract:

This open-file report presents the results of the USGS Mineral Resources Program activity to compile a national-scale geologic map database to support national and regional level projects, including mineral resource and geo- environmental assessments. The only comprehensive sources of regional- and national-scale geologic maps are state geologic maps with scales ranging from 1:100,000 to 1:1,000,000. Digital versions of these state maps form the core of what is presented here. Because no adequate geologic map exists for the state of Alaska, it is being compiled in regional blocks that also form part of this national database. It is expected that this series will completed by approximately the end of 2007. These maps and databases are being released in blocks of states or, in the case of Alaska, as compiled blocks of 1:250,000-scale quadrangles as chapters in this series. For Alaska, formal maps as well as databases are being published here, whereas for the conterminous U.S. only state databases and preview graphics are presented, because published maps for most states already exist. For Alaska these regional compilations will form the base for compiling a new geologic map of the state. As documented in Chapter A, standards for the conterminous U.S. are somewhat different than those for Alaska and Hawaii.

Supplemental_Information:

This database consists of five major Arc/Info GIS datasets for each state; - one: geologic map with formations, - two: faults (where present), - three: dikes (where present), - four: miscellaneous line features (where present), - five: miscellaneous point features (where present).

How might this data set be cited?
Stoeser, Douglas B., Green, Gregory N., Morath, Laurie C., Heran, William D., Wilson, Anna B., Moore, David W., and Bradley S. Van Gosen, 2005, Preliminary Integrated Geologic Map Databases for the United States Central States: Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Missouri, Arkansas, and Louisiana, - The State of New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1351, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO.
Online Links:
- http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1351/
This is part of the following larger work.
Stoeser, Douglas B., Green, Gregory N., Morath, Laurie C., Heran, William D., Wilson, Anna B., Moore, David W., and Bradley S. Van Gosen, 2005, Preliminary Integrated Geologic Map Databases for the United States Central States: Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Missouri, Arkansas, and Louisiana.: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 1351, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.
Online Links:
- http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1351/
What geographic area does the data set cover?
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -109.25
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -103.00
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.00
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 31.25
What does it look like?
Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

Calendar_Date: 2004
Currentness_Reference:

publication date
What is the general form of this data set?
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
How does the data set represent geographic features?
1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
  This is a Vector data set.
2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
  The map projection used is Lambert Conformal Conic.
  
  Projection parameters:
  
  Standard_Parallel: 33
  Standard_Parallel: 45
  Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -100.0
  Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0
  False_Easting: 0.00000
  False_Northing: 0.00000
  
  Planar coordinates are encoded using coordinate pair
  Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 0.01
  Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 0.01
  Planar coordinates are specified in Meters
  The horizontal datum used is North American Datum of 1927.
  The ellipsoid used is Clarke 1866.
  The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378206.4.
  The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/294.98.

How does the data set describe geographic features?

nm_geol.pat

Polygon attribute table for the New Mexico geologic coverage. (Source: ESRI)

orig_label

unmodified map unit symbol from source cover. (Source: Doug Stoeser)

Value	Definition
ds	disturbed ground
Qa	alluvium
Ql	landslide deposits and colluvium
Qe	eolian deposits
Qeg	gypsiferous eolian deposits
Qd	glacial deposit
Qpl	lacustrine and playa-lake deposits
Qp	piedmont alluvial deposits
Qb	basalt and andesite flows and vent deposits
Qr	silicic volcanic rocks
Qv	basaltic volcanics
Qbo	basalt or basaltic andesite
Qvr	Valles Rhyolite
Qbt	Bandelier Tuff
Qoa	older alluvial deposits of upland plains and piedmont areas
QTb	basaltic and andesitic volcanics interbedded with sedimentary units
QTt	travertine
QTp	older piedmont alluvial deposits and shallow basin fill
QTg	Gila Group
QTsf	Santa Fe Group
QTs	Upper Santa Fe Group
Tus	upper Tertiary sedimentary units
Tfl	Fence Lake Formation
Tsf	Lower and Middle Santa Fe Group
To	Ogallala Formation
Tlp	Los Pinos Formation of Lower Santa Fe Group
Tos	sedimentary and vocaniclastic sedimentary rocks
Thb	Hinsdale Basalt
Tnb	basalt and andesite flows, Neogene
Tpb	basalt and andesite flows, Pliocene
Tmb	basalt and andesite flows, Miocene
Tnr	silicic to intermediate volcanic rocks
Tnv	volcanic rocks, Neogene
Tc	Chuska Sandstone
Tv	volcanic rocks, middle Tertiary
Tif	felsic shallow-intrusive rocks
Tuv	volcanic and some volcaniclastic rocks
Tlv	volcanic rocks, lower Oligocene and Eocene
Tuau	basaltic andesites
Tual	andesites and basaltic andesites
Turp	rhyolitic pyroclastic rocks
Tlrp	silicic pyroclastic rocks
Tla	andesite and basaltic andesite flows and associated volcaniclastic units
Turf	silicic flows and massess and associated pyroclastic rocks
Tlrf	silicic flows, domes, and associated pyroclastic rocks
Ti	intrusive rocks
Tui	silicic to intermediate intrusive rocks
Tuim	mafic intrusive rocks
Tli	quartz monzonites, intermediate intrusives, and other intermediate felsic dikes and plugs
Tps	sedimentary units, Palogene
Tsj	San Jose Formation
Tn	Nacimiento Formation
Toa	Ojo Alamo Formation
Tpc	Poison Canyon Formation
TKr	Raton Formation
TKpr	Poison Canyon and Raton Fromations
TKa	Animas Formation
TKav	andesitic volcanics
TKi	intrusive rocks, Paleogene and Upper Cretatceous
K	Cretaceous rocks, undivided
Ki	intrusive rocks, uppermost Cretaceous
Ka	andesite flows
Ku	undivided, Upper Cretaceous
Kmc	McRae Formation
Kvt	Vermejo Formation and Trinidad Sandstone
Kkf	Kirtland and Fruitland Formations
Kpc	Pictured Cliffs Sandstone
Kls	Lewis Shale
Kpn	Pierre Shale and Niobrara Formation
Knf	Fort Hayes Limestone Member of Niobrara Formation
Kmv	Mesaverde Group
Kch	Cliff House Sandstone
Klv	La Ventana Tongue
Kmf	Menefee Formation
Kpl	Point Lookout Sandstone
Kms	Satan Tongue of Mancos Shale
Kph	Hosta Tongue of Point Lookout Sandstone
Kmm	Mulatto Tongue of Mancos Shale
Kcc	Crevasse Canyon Formation
Kg	Gallup Sandstone
Kmg	Gallup Sandstone and underlying D-Cross Tongue of Mancos Shale
Kmr	Rio Salado Tongue of Mancos Shale
Kpg	Pescado Tongue of the Mancos Shale and Gallup Sandstone
Kth	Tres Hermanos Formation
Kma	Moreno Hill Formation and Atarque Sandstone
Km	Mancos Shale
Kmu	Mancos Shale, upper part
Kml	Mancos Shale, lower part
Kdr	Dakota Sandstone and Rio Salado Tongue of the Mancos Shale
Kdm	intertongued Dakota-Mancos sequence
Kd	Dakota Sandstone
Kgc	Greenhorn Formation and Carlile Shale
Kc	Carlile Shale
Kgg	Graneros Shale and Greenhorn Formation
Kgh	Greenhorn Formation
Kgr	Graneros Shale
Kdg	Dakota Group
Kbm	Mancos Formation and Beartooth Quartzite
Kl	Lower Cretaceous, unidivided
J	middle and upper Jurassic rocks, unidivided
Jm	Morrison Formation
Jmsu	Morrison Formation and upper San Rafael Group
Jz	Zuni Sandstone
Jze	Zuni and Entrada Sandstones
Je	Entrada Sandstone
Jsr	San Rafael Group
TR	Triassic rocks, undivided
TRrp	Rock Point Formation of Chinle Group
TRc	Chinle Group
TRr	Redonda Formation of Chinle Group
TRb	Bull Canyon Formation of Chinle Group
TRt	Trujillo Formation of Chinle Group
TRg	Garita Creek Formation of Chinle Group
TRs	Santa Rosa Formation of Chinle Group
TRcu	upper Chinle Group (Garita Creek, Trujillo, Bull Canyon, and Redonda Formations)
TRm	Moenkopi Formation
PZ	Paleozoic rocks, undivided
P	Permian Rocks, undivided
Pqr	Quatermaster and Rustler Formations
Pqm	Quartermaster Formation
Pr	Rustler Formation
Psl	Salado Formation
Pc	Castile Formation
Pat	Artesia Group
Pty	Yates and Tansill Formations
Psr	Seven Rivers Formation
Pgq	Grayburg and Queen Fromations
Pcp	Capitan Formation
Pbc	Bell Canyon Formation
Pcc	Cherry Canyon Formation
Psa	San Andres Formation
Pg	Glorieta Sandstone
Psg	San Andres Limestone and Glorieta Sandstone
Pco	Cutoff Shale
Pvp	Victoria Peak Limestone
Py	Yesa Formation
Pa	Abo Formation
Pau	Abo Formation, upper part
Pal	Abo Formation, lower part
Pys	Yeso, Glorieta, and San Andres Formations, undivided
Pay	Abo and Yeso Formations
Pct	Cutler Formation
Ph	Hueco Formation
Pb	Bursum Formation
PPA	Permain and Pennsylvanian rocks, undivided
PPAsc	Sangre de Cristo Formation
PA	Pennsylvanian rocks, undivided
PAm	Madera Formation
PAme	Madera Limestone, exotic blocks
PAs	Sandia Formation
PAps	Panther Seep Formation
PAlc	Lead Camp Formation
M	Mississippian rocks, undivided
MD	Mississippian and Devonain rocks, undivided
MCA	Missippian through Cambrian rocks, undivided
D	Devonian rocks, undivided
SO	Silurian and Ordovician rocks, undivided
SOCA	Silurian through Cambrian rocks, undivided
OCA	Ordovician and Cambrian rocks, undivided
OCAp	Ordovician to Cambrian plutonic rocks of Florida Mountains
Zi	mafic dikes, upper Proterozoic
Yi	mafic dikes, diabase, metadiabase, metadiorite
Ys	sedimentary rocks of the Sacramento Mountains
Yp	plutonic rocks, middle Proterozoic
YXp	plutonic rocks, middle and lower Proterozoic
X	lower Proterozoic rocks, undivided
Xms	metasedimentary rocks
Xm	metamorphic rocks
Xp	plutonic rocks, Lower Proterozoic
Xmo	mafic metamorphic rocks, lower Proterozoic
Xmu	metamorphic rocks, lower Proterozoic

sgmc_label

sgmc_label = orig_label + ;n where n= province number (n=0 if no province) (Source: Doug Stoeser)

unit_link

composite map label = ST + sgmc_label This creates a unique identifier for every unit in the CONUS (continental United States) covers. (Source: Doug Stoeser)

source

reference to the source used (Source: Doug Stoeser)

Value	Definition
NM001

unit_age

The geologic age from the source map used. (Source: Doug Stoeser)

Value	Definition
Quaternary	geologic age
Tertiary	geologic age
Cretaceous	geologic age
Jurassic	geologic age
Triassic	geologic age
Paleozoic; undifferentiated	geologic age
Permian	geologic age
Pennsylvanian	geologic age
Mississippian	geologic age
Devonian	geologic age
Silurian	geologic age
Ordovician	geologic age
Cambrian	geologic age
Middle Proterozoic	geologic age
Lower Proterozoic	geologic age

rocktype1

The predominant lithology found in the formation. (Source: unit classification)

Value	Definition
eolian
alluvium
lake or marine deposit
till
travertine
landslide
conglomerate
clay
mudstone
evaporite
shale
sandstone
carbonate
limestone
clastic
sedimentary rock
unconsolidated deposit
fine-grained mixed clastic
medium-grained mixed clastic
coarse-grained mixed clastic
tuff
volcanic rock
lava flow
rhyolite
andesite
basalt
granitoid
plutonic rock
pyroclastic
quartz monzonite
felsic volcanic rock
felsic metavolcanic rock
mafic metavolcanic rock ?
metasedimentary rock
metamorphic rock
indeterminate
water

rocktype2

The second most predominant lithology in the formation. (Source: unit classification)

Value	Definition
colluvium
alluvium
eolian
coal
conglomerate
sandstone
siltstone
mudstone
sand
shale
stratified glacial sediment
limestone
dolomite
unconsolidated
sedimentary rock
arkose
carbonate
clastic
fine-grained mixed clastic
medium-grained mixed clastic
mixed clastic/carbonate
pyroclastic
rhyolite
tuff
andesite
basalt
felsic volcanic rock
intermediate volcanic rock
alkalic volcanic rock
mafic volcanic rock
mixed clastic/volcanic
plutonic rock

nm_geol.aat

Arc attribute table for New Mexico geologic coverage. (Source: ESRI)

arc-code

Unique identifier for the line feature (Source: AAT data dictionary, Appendix H)

Value	Definition
1	contact, location certain
4	normal fault, location certain
5	normal fault, location approximate
7	shoreline or riverbank
50	Dike or sills, unspecified
52	normal fault, concealed
94	Shear zone, certain
101	Thrust fault, direction of motion undefined
121	Dike or sill, mafic
122	Dike or sill, felsic
124	state boundary
125	International Boundary

arc-para1

Used for "decorated" lines where additional information is needed. (Source: AAT data dictionary)

Value	Definition
0	no additional information
1	for normal faults, upthrown side is to the right

arc-para2

"Scratch" field used mostly in Alaska. (Source: AAT data dictionary)

Value	Definition
0	no additional information

source

A coded reference citation indicating source material used. (Source: AAT data dictionary)

Value	Definition
NM001
US001

Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

Coding for polygon attributes:

NAME: FEATURE: orig_label unmodified map unit symbols from source cover sgmc_label orig_label modified for standard geologic age symbols and an integer code added for province unit_link sgmc_label and a state code identifier source reference to source of data unit_age geologic age rocktype1 predominant lithology rocktype2 second most predominant lithology

Coding for arc attributes:

NAME: FEATURE: arc-code unique integer identifier arc-para1 used where additional information is needed arc-para2 scratch field source reference to source of data

Coding for point attributes:

NAME: FEATURE: point_feature name of feature on map source reference to source of data

Coding for dikes (special arcs) attributes:

NAME: FEATURE: orig_label unmodified map unit symbols from source cover sgmc_label orig_label modified for standard geologic age symbols and an integer code added for province arc-code unique integer identifier dike_lith general lithology dike_age geologic age source reference to source of data

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: ESRI

Who produced the data set?

Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
- Douglas B. Stoeser
- Gregory N. Green
- Laurie C. Morath
- William D. Heran
- Anna B. Wilson
- David W. Moore
- Bradley S. Van Gosen
Who also contributed to the data set?
State Geologic Map Compilation (SGMC) activity of the National Surveys and Analysis projects of the US Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program.
To whom should users address questions about the data?

Gregory N. Green

U.S. Geological Survey

MS 973, USGS, Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO

USA

303-236-5390 (voice)

ggreen@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

A primary goal of this work is to develop geologic map datasets with standardized structure and attribution. The database design and standards are documented in Chapter A of this series. The intent is that contiguous databases can be merged seamlessly and without any additional effort. In addition to a common database structure, the conterminous U.S. state databases (the contiguous 48 states) have been fitted to a set of standard state boundaries so that, when states are merged, they match without slivers or overlap. No attempt has been made to reconcile differences in mapping across state boundaries.

How was the data set created?

From what previous works were the data drawn?

Anderson and Jones (1994) (source 1 of 4)

Anderson, Orin J., and Jones, Glen E., 1994, The Digital Geologic Map of New Mexico: Open File Report OFR 408-A and B, New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Socorro, New Mexico.

Type_of_Source_Media: disc
Source_Scale_Denominator: 5000000
Source_Contribution: Original mapping, compilation, and digitizing

NM001 (source 2 of 4)

Green, G.N., and Jones, Glen E., 1997, The Digital Geologic Map of New Mexico in ARC/INFO Format: Open File Report OFR 97-0052, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado.

Type_of_Source_Media: digital map
Source_Scale_Denominator: 500000
Source_Contribution: Digital geologic map of New Mexico

US001 (source 3 of 4)

Johnson, Bruce R., 1:100,000 Scale State Boundaries of the Conterminous United States.

Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Scale_Denominator: 100000
Source_Contribution: Provided linework for state boundaries

Johnson Lith Class 6.1 (source 4 of 4)

Johnson, Bruce R., Geologic Map Unit Classification, ver. 6.1.

Type_of_Source_Media: digital data
Source_Contribution: Classification scheme used for lithology.
How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

Date: 2003 (process 1 of 6)
The purpose of this standardization is to allow all SGMC covers to be seamlessly joined without any additional effort to form regional or national level digital maps. Note that for Alaska, the state is being compiled as blocks of 1:250k quadrangles that will ultimately be used to compile a new state map. Douglas Stoeser and Ric Wilson are co-coordinators for the overall SGMC effort, with Stoeser coordinating work on the mainland states and Wilson coordinating work for Alaska and Hawaii.
Date: 16-Dec-2003 (process 2 of 6)
G.N. Green obtained the digital geologic map of New Mexico from the website: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-92-0052/ Re-projected the coverage into the following:
projection: Lambert Conformal Conic units: meters datum: NAD27 standard parallel 1: 33 0 0.000 standard parallel 2: 45 0 0.000 central meridian: -100 0 0.000 reference latitude: 0 0 0.000 false easting: 0.000 false northing: 0.000
All attributes were deleted except NAME.
(Note: Attributes associated with the generation of the coverages were not deleted. PAT - shape, area, perimeter, coverage#, and coverage-id AAT - shape, fnode#, tnode#, lnode#, rnode#, length, coverage#, and coverage-id)
The values from NAME where then calculated into a new field called orig_label.
Date: 22-Dec-2003 (process 3 of 6)
The following attributes were exported from Filemaker as a comma delimited file
map_symbol1 map_symbol2 unit_link reference_id unit_age rocktype1 rocktype2
The attributes were then loaded into INFO with the following structures:
item name: orig_label width: 12 output: 12 type: c
item name: sgmc_label width: 16 output: 16 type: c
item name: unit_link width: 18 output: 18 type: c
item name: source width: 6 output: 8 type: c
item name: unit_age width: 60 output: 60 type: c
item name: rocktype1 width: 40 output: 40 type: c
item name: rocktype2 width: 40 output: 40 type: c
Date: 08-Sep-2010 (process 4 of 6)
Once the .csv was loaded, it was joined in Arc/Info with the joinitem command. orig_label as the related item.
Date: 02-Jan-2004 (process 5 of 6)
Once the .pat file was correct, the .aat file was addressed. The following items were added to the table:
item name: arc-code width: 3 output: 3 type: i
item name: arc-para1 width: 3 output: 3 type: i
item name: arc-para2 width: 3 output: 3 type: i
item name: source width: 6 output: 8 type: c

Date: 05-Jan-2004 (process 6 of 6)
Arc-code was populated using the digital map source to tag the lines using the AAT line type data dictionary. Arc-para1 was populated when additional information was available such as upthrown side of a fault or angle of thrusting on a fault. Arc-para2 is a scratch field that is used mostly in Alaska. Source was populated with code that designates the source used for the linework; typically the paper map.
What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

How well have the observations been checked?
The values of the attributes ROCKTYPE1 and ROCKTYPE2 were assigned based on the information in the legends of the source maps (most of which are paper). The definitions of these values are described in the draft document Geologic Map Classification version 6.1 (Johnson and others); available at the following website: http://geology.usgs.gov/dm )
How accurate are the geographic locations?
The geologic map was digitized from compilations ranging in scale from 1:1,000,000 to 1:100,000 and is an accurate representation of the source maps. It is intended to be used at scales ranging from 1:1,000,000 to 1:500,000. Display at significantly larger scales may produce small errors in locations of contacts or faults relative to features contained in other data sets. Accuracy of New Mexico state boundary and those arcs intersecting it: The accuracy of the state boundary arcs is based on the 1:100000 scale original data used to produce this boundary. (Johnson, Bruce R. and Leveritch, Beth, 1998, 1:100,000 Scale State Boundaries of the Conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey, unpublished (see metadata file: st100kmeta.txt, Chapter A)) Those internal arcs intersecting the state boundary were extended or shortened as needed to complete polygons, possibly creating a small amount of error.
How accurate are the heights or depths?
Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
Bodies of water are classified as water, and the geologic units underlying them are not included in this coverage.
How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
All internal polygons were checked for closure with vendor software and on hard copy plots. Overshoots and undershoots have been deleted or corrected as appropriate.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints: none
Use_Constraints:
This database is not meant to be used or displayed at any scale other than 1:500,000.
Any hardcopies utilizing these data sets shall clearly indicate their source. If the licensee has modified the data in any way they are obligated to describe the types of modifications they have performed on the hardcopy map. Licensee specifically agrees not to misrepresent these data sets, nor to imply that changes they made were approved by the U.S. Geological Survey.

Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)

U.S. Geological Survey Information Services

U.S. Geological Survey

507 National Center
Reston, Virginia

USA

1-888-ASK-USGS or 1-703-648-5953 (voice)

http://www.usgs.gov/contact/
What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? USGS OFR 2005-1351
What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) editorial standard nor with the North American stratigraphic codes. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USGS. Although these data have been used by the USGS and have been successfully imported into data base programs, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to how successfully or accurately the data can be imported into any specific application software running on any specific hardware platform. The fact of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in connection therewith. This data base GIS is not meant to be used or displayed at any scale other than 1:500,000.
How can I download or order the data?
- Availability in digital form:
  
  Data format: Geologic units and structural features in format ARC/INFO export (version 8.3)
  
  Network links: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1351/
- Cost to order the data: none

Data format:	Geologic units and structural features in format ARC/INFO export (version 8.3)
Network links:	http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1351/

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:: Last modified: 29-Oct-2004
Last Reviewed: 20-Oct-2004
Metadata author:: U.S. Geological Survey

Attn: Gregory N. Green

MS 973, USGS, Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO

USA

1-303-236-5390 (voice)

ggreen@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)

This page is <https://mrdata.usgs.gov/geology/state/metadata/nm.faq.html>