Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: David B. Smith Originator: William F. Cannon Originator: Laurel G. Woodruff Originator: Federico Solano Originator: James E. Kilburn Originator: David L. Fey Publication_Date: 2013 Title: Geochemical and mineralogical data for soils of the conterminous United States Edition: Version 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series Issue_Identification: 801 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Denver, CO Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ds801 Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/801/ Description: Abstract: In 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey began a low-density (1 site per 1,600 sq. km., 4857 sites) geochemical and mineralogical survey of soils of the conterminous United States. Sampling and analytical protocols were developed at a workshop in 2003, and pilot studies were conducted from 2004-2007 to test and refine these recommended protocols. The final sampling protocol for the national-scale survey included, at each site, a composite sample from a depth of 0 to 5 centimeters, a composite of the soil A horizon, and a deeper sample from the soil C horizon or, if the top of the C horizon was at a depth greater than 1 meter, from a depth of approximately 80 to 100 centimeters. The <2-millimeter fraction of each sample was analyzed for a suite of 45 major and trace elements by methods that yield the total, or near-total, elemental content. The major mineralogical components in the samples from the soil A and C horizons were determined by a quantitative X-ray diffraction method using Rietveld refinement. Sampling in the conterminous U.S. was completed in 2010 with chemical and mineralogical analyses completed in May, 2013. The resulting data set provides an estimate of the abundance and spatial distribution of chemical elements and minerals in soils of the conterminous U.S. and represents a baseline for soil geochemistry and mineralogy against which future changes may be recognized and quantified. This report (1) describes the sampling, sample preparation, and analytical methods used; (2) gives details of the quality control protocols used to monitor the quality of chemical and mineralogical analyses over approximately six years, and (3) makes available the soil geochemical and mineralogical data in downloadable tables. Purpose: This dataset was initiated, designed, and populated to compile and integrate mineralogical and geochemical data from soil samples collected over the conterminous US in order to establish a geochemical and mineralogical baseline to (1) map the abundance and spatial distribution of the analyzed chemical elements and minerals; (2) gain insight to the processes that caused the observed elemental and mineralogical distribution; and (3) provide a geochemical and mineralogical baseline against which future changes may be recognized and quantified. The dataset serves as a data warehouse in support of present and future geological or geochemical projects. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 2007 Ending_Date: 2013 Currentness_Reference: Sample collection and analysis period Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None is planned for the project Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -124.4019 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -67.5201 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 48.9835 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 25.1376 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General glossary for mineral resources spatial data Theme_Keyword: comma-delimited text Theme_Keyword: HTML table Theme_Keyword: KML Theme_Keyword: Microsoft Excel format Theme_Keyword: OGC WFS Theme_Keyword: OGC WMS Theme_Keyword: shapefile Theme_Keyword: tab-delimited text Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: aluminum Theme_Keyword: antimony Theme_Keyword: arsenic Theme_Keyword: atomic absorption analysis Theme_Keyword: atomic emission spectroscopy Theme_Keyword: barium Theme_Keyword: beryllium Theme_Keyword: bismuth Theme_Keyword: cadmium Theme_Keyword: calcium Theme_Keyword: carbon Theme_Keyword: cerium Theme_Keyword: cesium Theme_Keyword: chromium Theme_Keyword: cobalt Theme_Keyword: copper Theme_Keyword: gallium Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Theme_Keyword: indium Theme_Keyword: iron Theme_Keyword: lanthanum Theme_Keyword: lead Theme_Keyword: lithium Theme_Keyword: magnesium Theme_Keyword: manganese Theme_Keyword: mass spectroscopy Theme_Keyword: mercury Theme_Keyword: mineralogy Theme_Keyword: molybdenum Theme_Keyword: nickel Theme_Keyword: niobium Theme_Keyword: phosphorus Theme_Keyword: potassium Theme_Keyword: rubidium Theme_Keyword: scandium Theme_Keyword: selenium Theme_Keyword: silver Theme_Keyword: sodium Theme_Keyword: soil chemistry Theme_Keyword: strontium Theme_Keyword: sulfur Theme_Keyword: tellurium Theme_Keyword: thallium Theme_Keyword: thorium Theme_Keyword: tin Theme_Keyword: titanium Theme_Keyword: tungsten Theme_Keyword: unconsolidated deposits Theme_Keyword: uranium Theme_Keyword: vanadium Theme_Keyword: x-ray diffraction Theme_Keyword: yttrium Theme_Keyword: zinc Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Common geographic areas Place_Keyword: fUS01 = Alabama Place_Keyword: fUS04 = Arizona Place_Keyword: fUS05 = Arkansas Place_Keyword: fUS06 = California Place_Keyword: fUS08 = Colorado Place_Keyword: fUS09 = Connecticut Place_Keyword: fUS10 = Delaware Place_Keyword: fUS12 = Florida Place_Keyword: fUS13 = Georgia Place_Keyword: fUS16 = Idaho Place_Keyword: fUS17 = Illinois Place_Keyword: fUS18 = Indiana Place_Keyword: fUS19 = Iowa Place_Keyword: fUS20 = Kansas Place_Keyword: fUS21 = Kentucky Place_Keyword: fUS22 = Louisiana Place_Keyword: fUS23 = Maine Place_Keyword: fUS24 = Maryland Place_Keyword: fUS25 = Massachusetts Place_Keyword: fUS26 = Michigan Place_Keyword: fUS27 = Minnesota Place_Keyword: fUS28 = Mississippi Place_Keyword: fUS29 = Missouri Place_Keyword: fUS30 = Montana Place_Keyword: fUS31 = Nebraska Place_Keyword: fUS32 = Nevada Place_Keyword: fUS33 = New Hampshire Place_Keyword: fUS34 = New Jersey Place_Keyword: fUS35 = New Mexico Place_Keyword: fUS36 = New York Place_Keyword: fUS37 = North Carolina Place_Keyword: fUS38 = North Dakota Place_Keyword: fUS39 = Ohio Place_Keyword: fUS40 = Oklahoma Place_Keyword: fUS41 = Oregon Place_Keyword: fUS42 = Pennsylvania Place_Keyword: fUS44 = Rhode Island Place_Keyword: fUS45 = South Carolina Place_Keyword: fUS46 = South Dakota Place_Keyword: fUS47 = Tennessee Place_Keyword: fUS48 = Texas Place_Keyword: fUS49 = Utah Place_Keyword: fUS50 = Vermont Place_Keyword: fUS51 = Virginia Place_Keyword: fUS53 = Washington Place_Keyword: fUS54 = West Virginia Place_Keyword: fUS55 = Wisconsin Place_Keyword: fUS56 = Wyoming Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: Users are required to determine the suitability of use for any particular purpose. Except for the site identification and the geographic coordinates, which are numeric fields, the mineralogic and chemical data fields are given as text to account for the inclusion of the non-numerical values N.S. (no sample available), N.D. (no detect or under the detection limit), INS (insufficient amount of sample to perform an analysis), and those values with the less than (<) or less than/equal to (<=) qualifiers. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: David B Smith Contact_Organization: USGS Rocky Mountain Area Contact_Position: Researcg Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Box 25046 Denver Federal Center Mail Stop 973 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225-0046 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-236-1849 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 303-236-3200 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dsmith@usgs.gov Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The data of this dataset represent geochemical and mineralogical analyses of soil samples collected in support of the USGS Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project. A written protocol was established prior to the initiation of the field work as several crews from the U.S. Geological Survey, state geological surveys, and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) were expected to be involved with the collection of samples. The protocol described the collection procedures and the design of the field sheet used to record the support data related to each sample site. The following attributes were considered and are included in the database: 1) Location coordinates: All crews were equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers set to determine geographic positions using the WGS-84 datum. Coordinates were recorded as decimal degrees of latitude and longitude both into the GPS units and written in the field sheets. Data included in the database are reported in this manner. 2) Geocoding: The protocol called for the submission of descriptive information (geocoding) related to the sampling site. Some fields were mandatory and others were optional and the completeness varies. 3) Soil horizons: The identification of soil horizons is a process involving the experience and expertise of the person(s) collecting the sample(s). The identification of precise boundaries between horizons is not always obvious. 4) Chemical analytical data: The samples in this data set were chemically analyzed by a uniform and standardized set of techniques between 2008 and 2013. The use of standard reference materials, blanks, and duplicates analyzed along with the regular sample batches documented the quality (bias and precision) of the data. The precision of the values reported for chemical analytical data varies depending on the element, between 0, 1, or 2 decimal places. The number of decimal places is indicated as part of the description of the tables. 5) Qualifiers: Data in the chemical tables include the following qualifiers: "<" : the concentration of the element is reported as lower than the lower limit of determination for the particular method. "<=" : this qualifier is used in a few instances of organic carbon values. The organic carbon is reported as the difference between measured total carbon and the inorganic carbon content determined from the carbonate minerals. When there is no sample available for mineralogical analysis, the organic carbon is assumed to be less than or equal to the total measured carbon. In addition, in a very few instances, there was insufficient sample available for an analytical method to be performed. The data tables show the following for this case: "INS" = the concentration of the element was not determined because the sample amount submitted was insufficient to process. 6) Mineralogical data: The samples were prepared and analyzed using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. Mineral species were determined for the major components of the sample fraction having crystalline structure and having been documented with a set of measured dimensions for the crystalline lattice. The addition of an internal standard consisting of 10% zincite (ZnO) with a purity of at least 99.5% allows for the quantification of the crystalline fraction. The remaining fraction is reported as amorphous. All values for mineral phases are reported with a precision of one decimal place. Undetected mineral phases are reported as "N.D." In approximately 173 sites, the depth of the A horizon sample matches the depth of the C horizon sample, which should not be the case. Further, some sample depths for the A or C horizon include zero as the upper bound, such as "0-20"; we expect the A horizon sample to not include the top 5 cm, so these depths should be considered inaccurate. Logical_Consistency_Report: The dataset was constructed by processing data collected in the field and recorded in the field sheets and from laboratory based chemical and mineralogical analyses. The following criteria were chosen for the reporting of the data: - Each sample site has a unique identifier (SiteID). - Each sample site has a set of geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude). - Each sample collected in the field and analyzed for chemistry in the lab has a unique lab number. - Each analytical determination is linked to a valid, unique lab number. For a number of sites, the sample depths of the top 5cm, A horizon, and C horizon samples overlap or are the same; this probably does not reflect the actual sampling depths, since the material taken for the C horizon, for example, should not include shallower material properly belonging to the A horizon or the top 5cm sample. Completeness_Report: "N.S." indicates that a sample is not available because it was either lost in shipping or not collected. This data set provides chemical data for Ag, Al, As, Ba, Be, Bi, Total C, Inorganic C, Organic C, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hg, In, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Sn, Sr, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, U, V, W, Y, and Zn. The data set provides location and descriptive information for each sample. Not all the descriptive fields contain information for a particular sample either because it was not recorded by the field crew or because it was lost in shipping after collection. The analytical methods used were selected based on the goals of the project and the methods used were available through the USGS contract laboratory and remained the same throughout the data set. This data set provides mineralogical data for quartz, total potassium feldspar, total plagioclase, total feldspars, total 14Å clays, total 10Å clays, kaolinite, total clays, gibbsite, calcite, dolomite, aragonite, total carbonates, analcime, heulandite, total zeolites, gypsum, talc, hornblende, hematite, goethite, pyroxene, pyrite, other minerals, and the amorphous content. The analytical methods, sample preparation protocols, and quality control protocols used for the analyses of these samples are described in this publication. The primary reference that documents the chemical analytical procedures used by the USGS is: Taggart, J.E., Jr. (ed). 2002. Analytical methods for geochemical analysis of geologic and other materials, U.S. Geological Survey. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-223, available from https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0223/OFR-02-0223.pdf Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: This data set was created from chemical and mineralogical analyses of samples collected as part of the Soil Geochemical Landscapes of the Conterminous United States Project. At each site, three samples were collected from: 1) the top 5 centimeters of soil, 2) the A horizon, and 3) the C horizon. Each sample at a given site was documented in the field using a standardized field sheet with annotations of measurements and observations carried out by the sampling crews. The samples were prepared at the U.S. Geological Surveys lab in Denver, CO, where splits were taken to send for chemical and mineralogical analyses. All the results of the chemical and mineralogical analyses were stored in spreadsheets and then organized in three final tables, which are the ones presented along with this report. Process_Date: 2007 through 2013 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Federico Solano Contact_Organization: USGS Midwest Area Contact_Position: Physical Science Technician Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive$Mail Stop 954 City: Reston State_or_Province: VA Postal_Code: 20192-0002 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703-648-6335 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 703-648-6252 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: fsolanoc@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: point Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 4857 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.0001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.0001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: World Geodetic System 1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS 84 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The Top5 table contains the chemical analyses for soil samples collected from a depth of 0-5 centimeters at the sampling sites. Although no mineralogy analyses were performed for this sample medium, empty fields for mineralogy are also included that coincide with columns for the A and C horizons. These fields are included for users who wish to paste the tables vertically and still have corresponding fields with the other reported levels. Samples lost or not collected for this particular sample type are reported as N.S. Precision for geochemical analyses varies and it is indicated for each element. >FIELD_NAME FIELD_TYPE UNITS METHOD FIELD_DESCRIPTION >Top5_LabID Text n/a n/a Unique identifier assigned to each individual sample by the analyzing laboratory. >SiteID Integer n/a n/a Unique identifier assigned to each individual sampling site. >StateID Text n/a n/a Code for the state as established by NIST. >Latitude Number n/a n/a Latitude coordinate of a sample site, reported in decimal degrees, with WGS-84 datum. >Longitude Number n/a n/a Longitude coordinate of a sample site, reported in decimal degrees, with WGS-84 datum. Negative values indicate locations west of the Greenwich Meridian. >CollDate Date/Time n/a n/a Date of collection of the sample, as reported in the field sheet, given as mm/dd/yyyy. >LandCover1 Text n/a n/a Primary land cover classification from the National Land Cover Database 1992 Classification System. >LandCover2 Text n/a n/a Secondary land cover classification from the National Land Cover Database 1992 Classification System. >Top5_Depth Text cm n/a Depth or depth interval from which the sample was collected, in centimeters. >Top5_Quartz Text wt. % XRD Quartz, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >Top5_Tot_K_fs Text wt. % XRD Total potassium feldspar, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >Top5_Tot_Plg Text wt. % XRD Total plagioclase, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >Top5_Tot_Flds Text wt. % XRD Total feldspar, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >Top5_Tot_14A Text wt. % XRD Total 14Å clays, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >Top5_Tot_10A Text wt. % XRD Total 10Å clays, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >Top5_Kaolinit Text wt. % XRD Kaolinite, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >Top5_Tot_Clay Text wt. % XRD Total clays, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >Top5_Gibbsite Text wt. % XRD Gibbsite, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >Top5_Calcite Text wt. % XRD Calcite, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >Top5_Dolomite Text wt. % XRD Dolomite, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >Top5_Aragon Text wt. % XRD Aragonite, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >Top5_Tot_Carb Text wt. % XRD Total carbonates, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >Top5_Analcime Text wt. % XRD Analcime, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >Top5_Heuland Text wt. % XRD Heulandite, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >Top5_Tot_Zeol Text wt. % XRD Total zeolites, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >Top5_Gypsum Text wt. % XRD Gypsum, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >Top5_Talc Text wt. % XRD Talc, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >Top5_Hornbl Text wt. % XRD Hornblende and related amphiboles, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >Top5_Serpent Text wt. % XRD Serpentine, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >Top5_Hematite Text wt. % XRD Hematite, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >Top5_Goethite Text wt. % XRD Goethite, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >Top5_Pyroxene Text wt. % XRD Pyroxene, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >Top5_Pyrite Text wt. % XRD Pyrite, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >Top5_Other Text wt. % XRD Other mineral phase(s), in percent by weight (wt.%), that were detected occasionally, determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >Top5_Amorph Text wt. % XRD Amorphous, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >Top5_Ag Text mg/kg ICP-MS Silver (Ag), concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one unit. >Top5_Al Text wt. % ICP-AES Aluminum (Al) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >Top5_As Text mg/kg HYD-AA Arsenic (As) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry after fusion of the sample in sodium peroxide and sodium hydroxide. Precision of one decimal place. >Top5_Ba Text mg/kg ICP-AES Barium (Ba) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one unit. >Top5_Be Text mg/kg ICP-MS Beryllium (Be) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >Top5_Bi Text mg/kg ICP-MS Bismuth (Bi) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >Top5_C_Tot Text wt. % COMBUSTION Empty field, since Total carbon (C) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), was not measured. Field included to facilitate vertical pasting of horizons. >Top5_C_Inorg Text wt. % XRD Empty field, since Inorganic carbon (C) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), was not determined. Field included to facilitate vertical pasting of horizons. >Top5_C_Org Text wt. % DIFF Empty field, since Organic carbon (C) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), was not determined. Field included to facilitate vertical pasting of horizons. >Top5_Ca Text wt. % ICP-AES Calcium (Ca) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >Top5_Cd Text mg/kg ICP-MS Cadmium (Cd) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >Top5_Ce Text mg/kg ICP-MS Cerium (Ce) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >Top5_Co Text mg/kg ICP-MS Cobalt (Co) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >Top5_Cr Text mg/kg ICP-AES Chromium (Cr) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one unit. >Top5_Cs Text mg/kg ICP-MS Cesium (Cs) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one unit. >Top5_Cu Text mg/kg ICP-AES Copper (Cu) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >Top5_Fe Text wt. % ICP-AES Iron (Fe) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >Top5_Ga Text mg/kg ICP-MS Gallium (Ga) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >Top5_Hg Text mg/kg CVAA Mercury (Hg) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAA) after digestion in HNO3 and HCl. Precision of two decimal places. >Top5_In Text mg/kg ICP-MS Indium (In) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >Top5_K Text wt. % ICP-AES Potassium (K) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >Top5_La Text mg/kg ICP-MS Lanthanum (La) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >Top5_Li Text mg/kg ICP-AES Lithium (Li) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one unit. >Top5_Mg Text wt. % ICP-AES Magnesium (Mg) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >Top5_Mn Text mg/kg ICP-AES Manganese (Mn) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one unit. >Top5_Mo Text mg/kg ICP-MS Molybdenum (Mo) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >Top5_Na Text wt. % ICP-AES Sodium (Na) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >Top5_Nb Text mg/kg ICP-MS Niobium (Nb) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >Top5_Ni Text mg/kg ICP-AES Nickel (Ni) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >Top5_P Text mg/kg ICP-AES Phosphorus (P) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one unit. >Top5_Pb Text mg/kg ICP-MS Lead (Pb) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >Top5_Rb Text mg/kg ICP-MS Rubidium (Rb) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >Top5_S Text wt. % ICP-AES Sulfur (S) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >Top5_Sb Text mg/kg ICP-MS Antimony (Sb) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >Top5_Sc Text mg/kg ICP-MS Scandium (Sc) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >Top5_Se Text mg/kg HYD-AA Selenium (Se) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry after digestion of the sample in HNO3, HF, and HClO4. Precision of one decimal place. >Top5_Sn Text mg/kg ICP-MS Tin (Sn) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >Top5_Sr Text mg/kg ICP-AES Strontium (Sr) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >Top5_Te Text mg/kg ICP-MS Tellurium (Te) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >Top5_Th Text mg/kg ICP-MS Thorium (Th) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >Top5_Ti Text wt. % ICP-AES Titanium (Ti) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >Top5_Tl Text mg/kg ICP-MS Thallium (Tl) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >Top5_U Text mg/kg ICP-MS Uranium (U) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >Top5_V Text mg/kg ICP-AES Vanadium (V) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one unit. >Top5_W Text mg/kg ICP-MS Tungsten (W) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >Top5_Y Text mg/kg ICP-MS Yttrium (Y) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >Top5_Zn Text mg/kg ICP-AES Zinc (Zn) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one unit. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/801/pdf/ds801.pdf Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The A_Horizon table contains the results of the mineralogical determinations of major minerals and the results of the chemical analyses for the soil samples collected from the A horizon. N.D. indicates an undetected mineral phase. Samples lost or not collected for this particular level are reported as N.S. One decimal place is reported for all mineral phases. For the chemistry, it is variable as indicated for each element. >FIELD_NAME FIELD_TYPE UNITS METHOD FIELD_DESCRIPTION >A_LabID Text n/a n/a Unique identifier assigned to each individual sample by the analyzing laboratory. >SiteID Integer n/a n/a Unique identifier assigned to each individual sampling site. >StateID Text n/a n/a Code for the state as established by NIST. >Latitude Number n/a n/a Latitude coordinate of a sample site, reported in decimal degrees, with WGS-84 datum. >Longitude Number n/a n/a Longitude coordinate of a sample site, reported in decimal degrees, with WGS-84 datum. Negative values indicate locations west of the Greenwich Meridian. >CollDate Date/Time n/a n/a Date of collection of the sample, as reported in the field sheet, given as mm/dd/yy. >LandCover1 Text n/a n/a Primary land cover classification from the National Land Cover Database 1992 Classification System. >LandCover2 Text n/a n/a Secondary land cover classification from the National Land Cover Database 1992 Classification System. >A_Depth Text cm n/a Depth or depth interval from which the sample was collected, in centimeters. >A_Quartz Text wt. % XRD Quartz, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >A_Tot_K_fs Text wt. % XRD Total potassium feldspar, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >A_Tot_Plag Text wt. % XRD Total plagioclase, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >A_Tot_Flds Text wt. % XRD Total feldspar, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >A_Tot_14A Text wt. % XRD Total 14Å clays, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >A_Tot_10A Text wt. % XRD Total 10Å clays, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >A_Kaolinit Text wt. % XRD Kaolinite, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >A_Tot_Clay Text wt. % XRD Total clays, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >A_Gibbsite Text wt. % XRD Gibbsite, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >A_Calcite Text wt. % XRD Calcite, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >A_Dolomite Text wt. % XRD Dolomite, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >A_Aragon Text wt. % XRD Aragonite, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >A_Tot_Carb Text wt. % XRD Total carbonates, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >A_Analcime Text wt. % XRD Analcime, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >A_Heuland Text wt. % XRD Heulandite, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >A_Tot_Zeol Text wt. % XRD Total zeolites, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >A_Gypsum Text wt. % XRD Gypsum, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >A_Talc Text wt. % XRD Talc, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >A_Hornbl Text wt. % XRD Hornblende and related amphiboles, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >A_Serpent Text wt. % XRD Serpentine, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >A_Hematite Text wt. % XRD Hematite, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >A_Goethite Text wt. % XRD Goethite, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >A_Pyroxene Text wt. % XRD Pyroxene, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >A_Pyrite Text wt. % XRD Pyrite, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >A_Other Text wt. % XRD Other mineral phase(s), in percent by weight (wt.%), that were detected occasionally, determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >A_Amorph Text wt. % XRD Amorphous, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >A_Ag Text mg/kg ICP-MS Silver (Ag) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one unit. >A_Al Text wt. % ICP-AES Aluminum (Al) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >A_As Text mg/kg HYD-AA Arsenic (As) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HYD-AA) after fusion of the sample in sodium peroxide and sodium hydroxide. Precision of one decimal place. >A_Ba Text mg/kg ICP-AES Barium (Ba) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one unit. >A_Be Text mg/kg ICP-MS Beryllium (Be) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >A_Bi Text mg/kg ICP-MS Bismuth (Bi) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >A_C_Tot Text wt. % COMBUSTION Total carbon (C) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), measured by combustion. Precision of two decimal places. >A_C_Inorg Text wt. % XRD Inorganic carbon (C) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), reported as the result of stoichiometric calculation of carbon present in calcite, dolomite, and/or aragonite as determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The formula used was ((A_Calcite * 0.12)+(A_Dolomite * 0.1304)+(A_Aragon * 0.12)). Calculated values for a very small percentage of samples (less than 0.005%) were lower than 0 and are reported as N.D. (non-detect). Precision of one decimal place. >A_C_Org Text wt. % DIFF Organic carbon (C) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), reported as the difference between measured total carbon (A_C_Tot) and inorganic carbon (A_C_Inorg). Precision of one decimal place if inorganic carbon is reported, two decimal places otherwise. >A_Ca Text wt. % ICP-AES Calcium (Ca) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >A_Cd Text mg/kg ICP-MS Cadmium (Cd) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >A_Ce Text mg/kg ICP-MS Cerium (Ce) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >A_Co Text mg/kg ICP-MS Cobalt (Co) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >A_Cr Text mg/kg ICP-AES Chromium (Cr) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one unit. >A_Cs Text mg/kg ICP-MS Cesium (Cs) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one unit. >A_Cu Text mg/kg ICP-AES Copper (Cu) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >A_Fe Text wt. % ICP-AES Iron (Fe) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >A_Ga Text mg/kg ICP-MS Gallium (Ga) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >A_Hg Text mg/kg CVAA Mercury (Hg) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAA) after digestion in HNO3 and HCl. Precision of two decimal places. >A_In Text mg/kg ICP-MS Indium (In) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >A_K Text wt. % ICP-AES Potassium (K) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >A_La Text mg/kg ICP-MS Lanthanum (La) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >A_Li Text mg/kg ICP-AES Lithium (Li) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one unit. >A_Mg Text wt. % ICP-AES Magnesium (Mg) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >A_Mn Text mg/kg ICP-AES Manganese (Mn) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one unit. >A_Mo Text mg/kg ICP-MS Molybdenum (Mo) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >A_Na Text wt. % ICP-AES Sodium (Na) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >A_Nb Text mg/kg ICP-MS Niobium (Nb) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >A_Ni Text mg/kg ICP-AES Nickel (Ni) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >A_P Text mg/kg ICP-AES Phosphorus (P) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one unit. >A_Pb Text mg/kg ICP-MS Lead (Pb) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >A_Rb Text mg/kg ICP-MS Rubidium (Rb) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >A_S Text wt. % ICP-AES Sulfur (S) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >A_Sb Text mg/kg ICP-MS Antimony (Sb) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >A_Sc Text mg/kg ICP-MS Scandium (Sc) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >A_Se Text mg/kg HYD-AA Selenium (Se) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HYD-AA) after digestion of the sample in HNO3, HF, and HClO4. Precision of one decimal place. >A_Sn Text mg/kg ICP-MS Tin (Sn) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >A_Sr Text mg/kg ICP-AES Strontium (Sr) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >A_Te Text mg/kg ICP-MS Tellurium (Te) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >A_Th Text mg/kg ICP-MS Thorium (Th) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >A_Ti Text wt. % ICP-AES Titanium (Ti) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >A_Tl Text mg/kg ICP-MS Thallium (Tl) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >A_U Text mg/kg ICP-MS Uranium (U) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >A_V Text mg/kg ICP-AES Vanadium (V) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one unit. >A_W Text mg/kg ICP-MS Tungsten (W) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >A_Y Text mg/kg ICP-MS Yttrium (Y) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >A_Zn Text mg/kg ICP-AES Zinc (Zn) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one unit. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/801/pdf/ds801.pdf Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The C_Horizon table contains the results of the mineralogical determinations of major minerals and the results of the chemical analyses for the soil samples collected from the C horizon. N.D. indicates an undetected mineral phase. Samples lost or not collected for this particular level are reported as N.S. >FIELD_NAME FIELD_TYPE UNITS METHOD FIELD_DESCRIPTION >C_LabID Text n/a n/a Unique identifier assigned to each individual sample by the analyzing laboratory. >SiteID Integer n/a n/a Unique identifier assigned to each individual sampling site. >StateID Text n/a n/a Code for the state as established by NIST. >Latitude Number n/a n/a Latitude coordinate of a sample site, reported in decimal degrees, with WGS-84 datum. >Longitude Number n/a n/a Longitude coordinate of a sample site, reported in decimal degrees, with WGS-84 datum. Negative values indicate locations west of the Greenwich Meridian. >CollDate Date/Time n/a n/a Date of collection of the sample, as reported in the field sheet, given as mm/dd/yy. >LandCover1 Text n/a n/a Primary land cover classification from the National Land Cover Database 1992 Classification System. >LandCover2 Text n/a n/a Secondary land cover classification from the National Land Cover Database 1992 Classification System. >C_Depth Text cm n/a Depth or depth interval from which the sample was collected, in centimeters. >C_Quartz Text wt. % XRD Quartz, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >C_Tot_K_fs Text wt. % XRD Total potassium feldspar, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >C_Tot_Plag Text wt. % XRD Total plagioclase, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >C_Tot_Flds Text wt. % XRD Total feldspar, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >C_Tot_14A Text wt. % XRD Total 14Å clays, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >C_Tot_10A Text wt. % XRD Total 10Å clays, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >C_Kaolinit Text wt. % XRD Kaolinite, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >C_Tot_Clay Text wt. % XRD Total clays, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >C_Gibbsite Text wt. % XRD Gibbsite, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >C_Calcite Text wt. % XRD Calcite, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >C_Dolomite Text wt. % XRD Dolomite, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >C_Aragon Text wt. % XRD Aragonite, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >C_Tot_Carb Text wt. % XRD Total carbonates, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >C_Analcime Text wt. % XRD Analcime, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >C_Heuland Text wt. % XRD Heulandite, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >C_Tot_Zeol Text wt. % XRD Total zeolites, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >C_Gypsum Text wt. % XRD Gypsum, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >C_Talc Text wt. % XRD Talc, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >C_Hornbl Text wt. % XRD Hornblende and related amphiboles, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >C_Serpent Text wt. % XRD Serpentine, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >C_Hematite Text wt. % XRD Hematite, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >C_Goethite Text wt. % XRD Goethite, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >C_Pyroxene Text wt. % XRD Pyroxene, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >C_Pyrite Text wt. % XRD Pyrite, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >C_Other Text wt. % XRD Other mineral phase(s), in percent by weight (wt.%), that were detected occasionally, determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >C_Amorph Text wt. % XRD Amorphous, in percent by weight (wt.%), determined from the interpretation of the XRD scan. >C_Ag Text mg/kg ICP-MS Silver (Ag) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one unit. >C_Al Text wt. % ICP-AES Aluminum (Al) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >C_As Text mg/kg HYD-AA Arsenic (As) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HYD-AA) after fusion of the sample in sodium peroxide and sodium hydroxide. Precision of one decimal place. >C_Ba Text mg/kg ICP-AES Barium (Ba) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one unit. >C_Be Text mg/kg ICP-MS Beryllium (Be) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >C_Bi Text mg/kg ICP-MS Bismuth (Bi) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >C_C_Tot Text wt. % COMBUSTION Total carbon (C) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), measured by combustion. Precision of two decimal places. >C_C_Inorg Text wt. % XRD Inorganic carbon (C) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), reported as the result of stoichiometric calculation of carbon present in calcite, dolomite, and/or aragonite as determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The formula used was ((C_Calcite * 0.12)+(C_Dolomite * 0.1304)+(C_Aragon * 0.12)). Calculated values for a very small percentage of samples (less than 0.025%) were lower than 0 and are reported as N.D. (non-detect). Precision of one decimal place. >C_C_Org Text wt. % DIFF Organic carbon (C) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), reported as the difference between measured total carbon (C_C_Tot) and inorganic carbon (C_C_Inorg). Precision of one decimal place if inorganic carbon is reported, two decimal places otherwise. >C_Ca Text wt. % ICP-AES Calcium (Ca) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >C_Cd Text mg/kg ICP-MS Cadmium (Cd) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >C_Ce Text mg/kg ICP-MS Cerium (Ce) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >C_Co Text mg/kg ICP-MS Cobalt (Co) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >C_Cr Text mg/kg ICP-AES Chromium (Cr) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one unit. >C_Cs Text mg/kg ICP-MS Cesium (Cs) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one unit. >C_Cu Text mg/kg ICP-AES Copper (Cu) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >C_Fe Text wt. % ICP-AES Iron (Fe) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >C_Ga Text mg/kg ICP-MS Gallium (Ga) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >C_Hg Text mg/kg CVAA Mercury (Hg) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAA) after digestion in HNO3 and HCl. Precision of two decimal places. >C_In Text mg/kg ICP-MS Indium (In) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >C_K Text wt. % ICP-AES Potassium (K) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >C_La Text mg/kg ICP-MS Lanthanum (La) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one unit. >C_Li Text mg/kg ICP-AES Lithium (Li) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one unit. >C_Mg Text wt. % ICP-AES Magnesium (Mg) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >C_Mn Text mg/kg ICP-AES Manganese (Mn) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one unit. >C_Mo Text mg/kg ICP-MS Molybdenum (Mo) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >C_Na Text wt. % ICP-AES Sodium (Na) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >C_Nb Text mg/kg ICP-MS Niobium (Nb) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >C_Ni Text mg/kg ICP-AES Nickel (Ni) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >C_P Text mg/kg ICP-AES Phosphorus (P) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one unit. >C_Pb Text mg/kg ICP-MS Lead (Pb) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >C_Rb Text mg/kg ICP-MS Rubidium (Rb) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >C_S Text wt. % ICP-AES Sulfur (S) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >C_Sb Text mg/kg ICP-MS Antimony (Sb) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >C_Sc Text mg/kg ICP-MS Scandium (Sc) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >C_Se Text mg/kg HYD-AA Selenium (Se) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HYD-AA) after digestion of the sample in HNO3, HF, and HClO4. Precision of one decimal place. >C_Sn Text mg/kg ICP-MS Tin (Sn) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >C_Sr Text mg/kg ICP-AES Strontium (Sr) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >C_Te Text mg/kg ICP-MS Tellurium (Te) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >C_Th Text mg/kg ICP-MS Thorium (Th) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >C_Ti Text wt. % ICP-AES Titanium (Ti) concentration, in percent by weight (wt.%), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of two decimal places. >C_Tl Text mg/kg ICP-MS Thallium (Tl) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >C_U Text mg/kg ICP-MS Uranium (U) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >C_V Text mg/kg ICP-AES Vanadium (V) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one unit. >C_W Text mg/kg ICP-MS Tungsten (W) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >C_Y Text mg/kg ICP-MS Yttrium (Y) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one decimal place. >C_Zn Text mg/kg ICP-AES Zinc (Zn) concentration, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF. Precision of one unit. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/801/pdf/ds801.pdf Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Peter N Schweitzer Contact_Organization: USGS Geology, Energy, and Minerals Science Center Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive City: Reston State_or_Province: VA Postal_Code: 20192-0002 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703-648-6533 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 703-648-6252 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pschweitzer@usgs.gov Resource_Description: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 801 Distribution_Liability: This database, identified as DS ???, has been approved for release and publication by the Director of the USGS. Although this database has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. 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