The samples and data that compose the NGS come from a wide variety of
sources. These sources can be placed in 5 broad categories based on
who collected and analyzed the samples. The CATEGORY field of the
database is used to store this information. Within each category,
records can be broken down into a large number of datasets, each of
which contains data on samples collected and analyzed together. The
DATASET field of the database stores this information.
Descriptions of Datasets and Categories in the NGS:
https://mrdata.usgs.gov/geochem/doc/groups-cats.htm
A limited number of analytical methods were used for samples in the
NGS in order to provide the maximum level of internal consistency
possible to the database.
For every analytical data field in the NGS, there is an associated
field pointing to information about the method used to make the
analyses. These fields contain "job numbers," which are names
laboratories assigned to batches of samples that were all run
together. Multi-element methods (all ICP and neutron activation
methods, XRF, PGE analysis, and forms-of-carbon) each have a single
field containing job information that is applicable to all analyzed
elements. Single-element methods (As, Au, Hg, Sb, Se, Te, Tl, and W)
each have their own field containing this information.
Analytical Methods and Database Fields in the NGS:
https://mrdata.usgs.gov/geochem/doc/analysis.htm
At the present time, the NGS includes data covering about 71%
of the land area of the US, including samples in all 50 states.
Four of the analytical methods are considered to be most important
for general coverage of the subject: the ICP 40-element acid
dissolution group, and determination of Arsenic, Mercury, and
Selenium by hydride-generation atomic absorption. Data from other
analytical methods are provided when available but it was not the
principal goal of the study to ensure that these analyses were
completed on most samples. Only about 5% of the samples lack data
from the ICP 40-element methods, and 25% to 35% of samples lack
data from the primary AA methods (for As, Hg, and Se).
The following table shows for each database field the number of
empty cells and the proportion of the whole database that number
represents.
Field name Missing Percent
Sample identification
REC_NO 0 0.0
LABNO 0 0.0
DATASET 0 0.0
CATEGORY 2729 3.9
TYPEDESC 6 0.0
Geographic location
DATUM 13579 19.3
LATITUDE 2803 4.0
LONGITUDE 2803 4.0
QUAD24CODE 9362 13.3
QUAD250COD 2782 4.0
QUAD100COD 2808 4.0
FIPS_INT 2782 4.0
HUC_8 2804 4.0
QD250NAME 2782 4.0
ZIP3 2806 4.0
CONGDIST 2806 4.0
Sample characteristics
FLDNAM 2 0.0
COLL_DATE 0 0.0
DESCRIPT 2532 3.6
STYPE 6 0.0
SOIL_HORIZ 63183 89.8
COLOR 36315 51.6
SMPGRSIZE 59512 84.6
MEDIUM 6 0.0
SOURCE 2720 3.9
SOURCE_MOD 19641 27.9
UPSIEVE 3540 5.0
DRIED 11771 16.7
STYPENOTE 45047 64.0
Site characteristics
SETTING 60013 85.3
ACCHANWID 33857 48.1
WATERDEP 33875 48.1
WATCOL 45163 64.2
FLOWSTAGE 21486 30.5
FLOWRATE 44492 63.2
STRBED 19804 28.1
CONTAMSOU 14126 20.1
CONTAMPOT 58672 83.4
CONTAMDEGR 68546 97.4
VEG 16267 23.1
PH 51554 73.3
Sample characteristics (details)
GRAINSIZE 46988 66.8
COLLECTOR 30813 43.8
PRIME_ID 19976 28.4
LASLID 55035 78.2
ORNLID 54452 77.4
SRLID 45473 64.6
LLLID 65548 93.2
SITE 63631 90.4
XSITE 70336 100.0
REPLC 25323 36.0
LABCOND 70351 100.0
GRABS 40119 57.0
SAMPHR 49733 70.7
ORGN_PCT 65007 92.4
STUDY 70026 99.5
ODOR 64856 92.2
Site characteristics (details)
PHOTOS 66893 95.1
FLDPLNWID 64933 92.3
RELIEF 18458 26.2
FORMATION 48761 69.3
SGEOUNIT 51700 73.5
ALK 59919 85.2
O_DISS 67280 95.6
SCIN 45205 64.2
AIRTEMP 49965 71.0
WTRTEMP 51416 73.1
COND 51352 73.0
STRFLOW 65019 92.4
STR_CHAN 49211 69.9
WEATH 38168 54.2
VEG_DENS 24891 35.4
ROCK_TYPE 42150 59.9
ROCK_COL 58434 83.0
Analyses by ICP/Acid dissolution
ICP40_JOB 3540 5.0
AL_ICP40 3563 5.1
CA_ICP40 3563 5.1
FE_ICP40 3563 5.1
K_ICP40 3563 5.1
MG_ICP40 3575 5.1
NA_ICP40 3563 5.1
P_ICP40 3607 5.1
TI_ICP40 3563 5.1
AG_ICP40 3563 5.1
AS_ICP40 3797 5.4
AU_ICP40 3797 5.4
BA_ICP40 3571 5.1
BE_ICP40 3563 5.1
BI_ICP40 4729 6.7
CD_ICP40 3563 5.1
CE_ICP40 3563 5.1
CO_ICP40 3563 5.1
CR_ICP40 3563 5.1
CU_ICP40 3563 5.1
EU_ICP40 7287 10.4
GA_ICP40 3563 5.1
HO_ICP40 8441 12.0
LA_ICP40 3563 5.1
LI_ICP40 3563 5.1
MN_ICP40 3581 5.1
MO_ICP40 3563 5.1
NB_ICP40 3823 5.4
ND_ICP40 7275 10.3
NI_ICP40 3563 5.1
PB_ICP40 3563 5.1
SC_ICP40 3563 5.1
SN_ICP40 4729 6.7
SR_ICP40 3576 5.1
TA_ICP40 8441 12.0
TH_ICP40 3563 5.1
U_ICP40 4729 6.7
V_ICP40 3563 5.1
Y_ICP40 3563 5.1
YB_ICP40 7275 10.3
ZN_ICP40 3565 5.1
CS_ICP40 66653 94.7
RB_ICP40 66653 94.7
SB_ICP40 66653 94.7
ZR_ICP40 66653 94.7
Analyses by AA
AS_JOB 16009 22.8
AS_AA 16009 22.8
SE_JOB 22236 31.6
SE_AA 22236 31.6
HG_JOB 21206 30.1
HG_AA 21206 30.1
SB_JOB 67852 96.4
SB_AA 67852 96.4
TE_JOB 69195 98.3
TE_AA 69195 98.3
TL_JOB 68415 97.2
TL_AA 68415 97.2
W_JOB 69061 98.1
W_VS 69061 98.1
AU_JOB 45579 64.8
AU_AA 45579 64.8
PDPT_JOB 63301 90.0
PD_AA 63301 90.0
PT_AA 64701 92.0
Analyses by ICP Partial Chem
ICP10_JOB 55996 79.6
AG_ICP10 55996 79.6
AS_ICP10 55996 79.6
AU_ICP10 59622 84.7
BI_ICP10 55996 79.6
CD_ICP10 55996 79.6
CU_ICP10 56001 79.6
MO_ICP10 55996 79.6
PB_ICP10 55996 79.6
SB_ICP10 55996 79.6
ZN_ICP10 56000 79.6
GA_ICP10 66737 94.8
HG_ICP10 67058 95.3
SE_ICP10 67510 95.9
TE_ICP10 66737 94.8
TL_ICP10 66737 94.8
Analyses by Fusion ICP
ICP16_JOB 68464 97.3
AL_ICP16 68464 97.3
CA_ICP16 68464 97.3
FE_ICP16 68464 97.3
K_ICP16 68464 97.3
MG_ICP16 68464 97.3
NA_ICP16 68464 97.3
P_ICP16 68464 97.3
SI_ICP16 68688 97.6
TI_ICP16 68464 97.3
BA_ICP16 68464 97.3
CR_ICP16 68464 97.3
MN_ICP16 68464 97.3
NB_ICP16 68464 97.3
SR_ICP16 68464 97.3
Y_ICP16 68464 97.3
ZR_ICP16 68464 97.3
Analyses by NAA
INAAJOB_US 64649 91.9
INAAJOB_BE 61829 87.9
NA_INAA 57519 81.7
SC_INAA 57487 81.7
TI_INAA 61963 88.1
CR_INAA 57493 81.7
FE_INAA 57507 81.7
CO_INAA 57487 81.7
NI_INAA 57566 81.8
ZN_INAA 58474 83.1
AS_INAA 57533 81.8
BR_INAA 61833 87.9
RB_INAA 57588 81.8
SR_INAA 65165 92.6
ZR_INAA 57500 81.7
MO_INAA 61833 87.9
SB_INAA 57559 81.8
CS_INAA 57518 81.7
BA_INAA 57536 81.8
LA_INAA 57488 81.7
CE_INAA 57487 81.7
ND_INAA 57493 81.7
SM_INAA 57488 81.7
EU_INAA 57487 81.7
TB_INAA 57489 81.7
YB_INAA 57489 81.7
LU_INAA 57491 81.7
HF_INAA 57489 81.7
TA_INAA 57488 81.7
W_INAA 57696 82.0
AU_INAA 57537 81.8
TH_INAA 57487 81.7
U_INAA 57487 81.7
DN_JOB 69766 99.2
U_DN 69766 99.2
TH_DN 69766 99.2
Analyses by XRF
XRF_JOB 66795 94.9
SIO2_XRF 66798 94.9
L2O3_XRF 66795 94.9
FE2O3_XRF 66796 94.9
MGO_XRF 66795 94.9
CAO_XRF 66795 94.9
NA2O_XRF 66795 94.9
K2O_XRF 66795 94.9
TIO2_XRF 66797 94.9
P2O5_XRF 66796 94.9
MNO_XRF 66795 94.9
LOI925C 66795 94.9
Analyses for light elements
C_S_JOB 69416 98.7
C_TOT 69416 98.7
C_ORG 69841 99.3
C_CO3 69792 99.2
S_TOT 69782 99.2
Analyses by NURE program
AL_NURE 26857 38.2
CA_NURE 38881 55.3
FE_NURE 26462 37.6
K_NURE 36952 52.5
MG_NURE 36938 52.5
NA_NURE 26806 38.1
AG_NURE 35790 50.9
AS_NURE 54102 76.9
AU_NURE 40720 57.9
B_NURE 54459 77.4
BA_NURE 36587 52.0
BE_NURE 41728 59.3
BI_NURE 59027 83.9
BR_NURE 70304 99.9
CD_NURE 59027 83.9
CE_NURE 27641 39.3
CL_NURE 58971 83.8
CO_NURE 36384 51.7
CR_NURE 36288 51.6
CS_NURE 58954 83.8
CU_NURE 35896 51.0
DY_NURE 44479 63.2
EU_NURE 42409 60.3
F_NURE 70229 99.8
HF_NURE 30650 43.6
HG_NURE 70294 99.9
LA_NURE 31508 44.8
LI_NURE 41087 58.4
LU_NURE 43320 61.6
MN_NURE 26030 37.0
MO_NURE 47168 67.0
NB_NURE 36001 51.2
NI_NURE 35849 50.9
P_NURE 47185 67.1
PB_NURE 39617 56.3
PT_NURE 69372 98.6
RB_NURE 58955 83.8
SB_NURE 58955 83.8
SC_NURE 25602 36.4
SE_NURE 54405 77.3
SM_NURE 41562 59.1
SN_NURE 51643 73.4
SR_NURE 39715 56.4
TA_NURE 59059 83.9
TB_NURE 59736 84.9
TH_NURE 25845 36.7
TI_NURE 27042 38.4
V_NURE 25946 36.9
W_NURE 51609 73.3
Y_NURE 47735 67.8
YB_NURE 45068 64.1
ZN_NURE 35890 51.0
ZR_NURE 48695 69.2
U_NURE 25751 36.6
Processing information
LABNO2 59440 84.5
PREV_LABNO 68420 97.2
FLDNAM_AN 18 0.0
AOV_CODE 65468 93.0
REPLICATE 65468 93.0
LOC_COUNT 2801 4.0
ANAL_NOTES 69685 99.0
NURE_METH 24730 35.1
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Smith, Steven M.
Publication_Date: 1997
Title:
Reformatted data from the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance (HSSR) Program
Series_Information:
Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 97-492
Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-0492/
Type_of_Source_Media: digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1975
Ending_Date: 1980
Source_Currentness_Reference: Sample collection period
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NURE-HSSR
Source_Contribution:
Samples collected between 1975 and 1980 as part of the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) program.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Goldhaber, Martin B.
Originator: Irwin, Elise
Originator: Atkins, Brian
Originator: Lee, Lopaka
Originator: Black, Dee Dee
Originator: Zappia, Humbert
Originator: Hatch, Joe
Originator: Pashin, Jack
Originator: Barwick, Larry H.
Originator: Cartwright, Walter E.
Originator: Sanzolone, Rick
Originator: Ruppert, Leslie
Originator: Kolker, Allan
Originator: Finkelman, Robert
Publication_Date: 2001
Title: Arsenic in Stream Sediments of Northern Alabama
Series_Information:
Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map
Issue_Identification: MF-2357
Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2001/mf-2357/
Type_of_Source_Media: digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 1998
Source_Currentness_Reference: Reanalysis of samples
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Goldhaber and others (2001)
Source_Contribution:
Data identified in the database where DATASET='NURE Alabama II'
A suite of 1690 samples from northern Alabama (excluding the northeast corner), was pulled from the NURE archive and analyzed in 1998 for a project by M. Goldhaber (Goldhaber and others, 2001). Most were analyzed by the ICP40 and As methods only.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Cannon, W.F.
Originator: Woodruff, L.G.
Originator: Pimley, Shana
Publication_Date: 2003
Title:
Some statistical relationships between stream sediment and soil geochemistry in northwestern Wisconsin--can stream sediment compositions be used to predict compositions of soils in glaciated terranes?
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Journal of Geochemical Exploration
Issue_Identification: v. 81
Type_of_Source_Media: digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 1998
Source_Currentness_Reference: Reanalysis of samples
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Cannon and others (2003)
Source_Contribution:
A suite of 400 samples from the Ashland and Rice Lake 1x2 degree quadrangles in northern Wisconsin, pulled from the NURE archive and analyzed in 1998 for a project by W. Cannon (Cannon and others, 2003). All were analyzed by the ICP40 and As methods, and ~1/4 were also analyzed for Hg.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Folger, H.W.
Publication_Date: 2000
Title:
Analytical results and sample locations of reanalyzed NURE stream-sediment and soil samples for the Humboldt River Basin mineral-environmental resource assessment, northern Nevada
Series_Information:
Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 00-421
Type_of_Source_Media: digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 1998
Source_Currentness_Reference: Reanalysis of samples
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Folger (2000)
Source_Contribution: A large number of samples reanalyzed from the NURE collection.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Tuttle, Michele L.W.
Originator: Goldhaber, Martin B.
Originator: Ruppert, Leslie F.
Originator: Hower, James C.
Publication_Date: 2002
Title:
Arsenic in rocks and stream sediments of the central Appalachian Basin, Kentucky
Series_Information:
Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 02-28
Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0028/
Type_of_Source_Media: digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2000
Source_Currentness_Reference: Reanalysis of samples
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Tuttle and others (2002)
Source_Contribution:
A suite of 1280 samples from eastern Kentucky was pulled from the NURE archive and analyzed in 2000 for a project by M. Goldhaber and M. Tuttle (see Tuttle and others, 2002). All were analyzed by the ICP40 and As methods, and ~1/8 were also analyzed by the Hg and Se atomic absorption methods.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: King, H.D.
Originator: Fey D.L.
Originator: Motooka, J.M.
Originator: Knight, R.J.
Originator: Roushey B.H.
Originator: McGuire, D.J.
Publication_Date: 1996
Title:
Analytical data and sample locality map of stream-sediment and soil samples from the Winnemucca-Surprise Resource Assessment Area, northwest Nevada and northeast California
Series_Information:
Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 96-62-B
Type_of_Source_Media: digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 1996
Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: King and others (1996)
Source_Contribution: Part of a large number of NURE samples reanalyzed by USGS.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Kilburn, J.E.
Originator: Smith, D.B.
Originator: Hopkins, R.T.
Publication_Date: 1990
Title:
Analytical results and sample locality map of stream sediment samples from the Reno 1 degree x 2 degree quadrangle, California and Nevada
Series_Information:
Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 90-204
Type_of_Source_Media: digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1985
Ending_Date: 1986
Source_Currentness_Reference: Reanalysis of samples
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Kilburn and others (1990)
Source_Contribution:
A group of 809 samples from the Reno quadrangle in west-central Nevada was pulled from the NURE archive and analyzed for Hg, Au, W, and other trace elements in 1985-1986 (Kilburn and others, 1990). No ICP analyses were done on the samples. Analytical data for the samples was extracted from the RASS component of the National Geochemical Database (Carl Abston, written comm. 2000).
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Baedecker, Phillip A.
Originator: Grossman, Jeffrey N.
Originator: Buttleman, Kim P.
Publication_Date: 1998
Title:
National Geochemical Database: PLUTO geochemical database for the United States
Series_Information:
Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series
Issue_Identification: DDS-47
Type_of_Source_Media: digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 1998
Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: PLUTO
Source_Contribution:
The PLUTO database contains the results of analyses of geological material done by the Branch of Analytical Laboratories (and its successors and predecessors at the USGS) between the late 1960's and mid 1990's. PLUTO is one component of the National Geochemical Database at the USGS.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Colman, John A.
Originator: Sanzolone, Richard F.
Publication_Date: 1990
Title:
Surface-water quality assessment of the upper Illinois River basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin; geochemical data for fine-fraction streambed sediment from high- and low-order streams, 1987
Series_Information:
Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 90-571
Type_of_Source_Media: digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 1990
Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Colman and Sanzolone (1990)
Source_Contribution:
A series of stream sediments from the upper Illinois River basin was collected in the late 1980's, and most were analyzed by the ICP40, As, Se, and Hg methods.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Colman, John A.
Originator: Sanzolone, Richard F.
Publication_Date: 1992
Title:
Geochemical characterization of streambed sediment in the upper Illinois River basin
Series_Information:
Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Bulletin
Issue_Identification: v. 28, no. 5
Type_of_Source_Media: digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 1992
Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Colman and Sanzolone (1992)
Source_Contribution:
A series of stream sediments from the upper Illinois River basin was collected in the late 1980's, and most were analyzed by the ICP40, As, Se, and Hg methods.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Sanzolone, Richard F.
Originator: Ryder, Jean L.
Publication_Date: 1989
Title:
Quality assessment program and results for the NAWQA surface water pilot studies
Series_Information:
Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 89-658
Type_of_Source_Media: digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 1989
Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Sanzolone and Ryder (1989)
Source_Contribution:
A series of stream sediments from the upper Illinois River basin was collected in the late 1980's, and most were analyzed by the ICP40, As, Se, and Hg methods.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Wilson, S.A.
Originator: Kennedy, K.R.
Originator: Gent, C.A.
Originator: Briggs, P.H.
Originator: Tidball, R.R.
Originator: McNeal, J.M.
Publication_Date: 1990
Title:
Analysis of soil samples from the San Joaquin Valley of California
Series_Information:
Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 90-214
Type_of_Source_Media: digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 1990
Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Wilson and others (1990)
Source_Contribution:
In the early 1980's, the USGS collected a large suite of stream sediment samples on a 10x10 km grid across the entire southern half of California (the "CALMAP" project). In the San Joaquin Valley, soils were collected due to the absence of suitable streams, with most of the sampling being done in 1983. This dataset comprises analyses of these soils from 1985, done by Wilson and others (1990), using the ICP40, As, Se, and Hg methods.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Bailey, Eizabeth A.
Originator: Smith, David B.
Originator: Abston, Carl C.
Originator: Granitto, Matthew
Originator: Burleigh, Kuuipo A.
Publication_Date: 1999
Title:
National Geochemical Database: U.S. Geological Survey RASS (Rock Analysis Storage System) geochemical data for Alaska
Series_Information:
Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 99-433
Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-433/
Type_of_Source_Media: digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 1999
Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: RASS Alaska
Source_Contribution:
A diverse group of 677 stream sediment samples from across Alaska, with many from the Alaska Peninsula, were extracted from the RASS sample archive at the Denver Federal Center for reanalysis. These samples were originally submitted for analysis by 35 different USGS scientists during the period 1967-1992; original publications for these samples are unknown to the authors of the present report. Original analyses, many of which are by semiquantitative methods, may be found in the RASS component of the National Geochemical Database, but are not included in this database. All were reanalyzed by the ICP40, As, Se, and Hg methods in 2001 as part of the National Geochemical Survey project, to fill in areas of Alaska not covered by NURE samples. In addition, several quadrangles in north-central Alaska (Survey Pass, Wiseman, and Chandalar) were included in order to duplicate areas covered by the NURE program.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Thompson D.E.
Originator: Grosz A.E.
Originator: McNeal J.M.
Originator: Grossman J.N.
Publication_Date: 1998
Title: Surface geochemistry of Mississippi to be surveyed
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Mississippi Geology
Issue_Identification: v. 19, no. 2
Type_of_Source_Media: digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 1998
Source_Currentness_Reference: Sample collection year
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Thompson and others (1998)
Source_Contribution:
A suite of 1421 stream sediments and soils was collected as part of a joint USGS-Mississippi Geological Survey project (Thompson and others, 1998, 2002). Samples were collected in 1998, covering the entire state. Most Mississippi samples were analyzed by the ICP40, ICP10, As, Se, Hg, and INAA methods, and ~half were also analyzed by XRF.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Thompson D.E.
Originator: Grosz A.E.
Originator: Schruben P.G.
Originator: Grossman J.N.
Publication_Date: 2002
Title:
Solid-phase geochemical survey of the State of Mississippi; on the nature and distribution of As, Se, Hg, Cu, Pb, and Zn in stream sediments and soils [abstract]
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Curry, K.J. (editor)
Publication_Date: 2002
Title: Mississippi Academy of Sciences Sixty-Sixth Annual Meeting
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Sciences
Issue_Identification: v. 47, no. 1
Type_of_Source_Media: digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 1998
Source_Currentness_Reference: Sample collection year
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Thompson and others (2002)
Source_Contribution:
A suite of 1421 stream sediments and soils was collected as part of a joint USGS-Mississippi Geological Survey project (Thompson and others, 1998, 2002). Samples were collected in 1998, covering the entire state. Most Mississippi samples were analyzed by the ICP40, ICP10, As, Se, Hg, and INAA methods, and ~half were also analyzed by XRF.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Prior sample collection programs
Sampling has been carried out over several decades in a variety of
field programs run by numerous Federal and state agencies. Groups
of samples collected by the same agency or research program are
referred to in the documentation as separate "datasets", meaning
the samples will have a common value for the fields CATEGORY and
DATASET. The CATEGORY field indicates the general type of
research program collecting the samples, while the DATASET field
identifies the specific project, state government, or investigator
in whose effort the samples were collected. These are described
more fully in
https://mrdata.usgs.gov/geochem/doc/groups-cats.htm
This process began in 1967.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
National Geochemical Survey project
By 1998-1999, it had become clear within the USGS Mineral
Resources Prgram that there would be great benefits to combining
earlier efforts in the southeastern states with other regional
geochemical assessments being conducted by the program in the
western US, and expanding to a national scale. A new national
effort comprising four interlinked regional "Surveys and Analysis"
projects was begun, including a task to undertake a National
Geochemical Survey (NGS). A complete national geochemical coverage
was sought, using an internally consistent set of analytical
methods and principally based on stream sediments. The minimum
sample density was planned to be 1 sample per 289 km2 in all land
areas of the country (i. e., based on a 17x17 km sampling grid).
Analytical methods were chosen to include a 40-element ICP package
plus single-element determinations of As, Se, and Hg by atomic
absorption for every sample.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Field parties from 7 states collected samples in 2001-2003, and
all were analyzed together, in random order, in 2004-2005. (a) 190
samples were collected in southwest Alaska by USGS geologists, in
an area not covered previously by the USGS or NURE programs; (b)
14 samples were collected by A. Grosz and D. Bickerstaff (USGS) in
Hawai`i, covering the islands of Hawai`i, O`ahu, Maui, Kaua`i,
Moloka`i, and Lana`i; (c) 423 samples were collected across
Illinois as part of a joint USGS-Illinois Geological Survey
project; some of these samples were also analyzed above in the
States 2002 dataset; (d) 250 samples were collected across Indiana
as part of a joint USGS-Indiana Geological Survey project; some of
these samples were also analyzed above in the States 2002 dataset;
(e) 2 samples were collected in central South Dakota by a joint
USGS, North Dakota Geological Survey, and South Dakota
Geological Survey team as part of a field orientation study; (f)
654 soil samples were collected in North Dakota by the North
Dakota Geological Survey as part of a statewide study; (g) 1095
soil samples were collected in Iowa by the Iowa Geological Survey
as part of a statewide study; All samples were analyzed by the
ICP40, As, Se, and Hg methods, as well as by a fire-assay method
for Au, Pd, and Pt. Index map showing distribution of these samples:
https://mrdata.usgs.gov/geochem/doc/indexmaps/states-2003.jpg
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Field parties from 13 states collected samples in 2003-2004, and
all were analyzed together, in random order, in 2005. (a) 56
samples were collected on Kodiak Island, Alaska, by USGS
geologists, in an area not covered previously by the USGS or NURE
programs; (b) 362 samples were collected across Arkansas as part of
a joint USGS, Arkansas Geological Commission study; (c) 186 samples
were collected across northern California as part of a joint USGS,
California Geological Survey project; (d) 38 samples were collected
in an area of northern Kentucky not covered by the NURE program as
part of a joint USGS, Kentucky Geological Survey study; (e) 57
samples were collected in an area of northern Maine not covered by
the NURE program as part of a joint USGS, Maine Geological Survey
study; (f) 379 samples were collected across Minnesota as part of a
joint USGS, Minnesota Geological Survey study; (g) 780 soil
samples were collected in North Dakota by the North Dakota
Geological Survey as part of a statewide study (see the States 2003
dataset); (h) 581 samples were collected across Ohio as part of a
joint USGS, Ohio Geological Survey study; (i) 125 samples were
collected across Oregon as part of a joint USGS, Oregon Department
of Geology and Mineral Industries study; (j) 125 samples were
collected in western Pennsylvania as part of a joint USGS,
Pennsylvania Geological Survey study; (k) 42 samples were collected
in central Texas as part of a joint USGS, Texas Bureau of Economic
Geology study; (l) 782 samples were collected across Washington
State as part of a joint USGS, Washington DNR Division of
Geology & Earth Resources study; (m) 260 samples were collected
across Wisconsin as part of a joint USGS, Wisconsis Geological &
Natural History Survey study. All samples were analyzed by the
ICP40, As, Se, and Hg methods, as well as by a fire-assay method
for Au, Pd, and Pt.
Process_Date: 20060221
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: States 2004
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Field parties from 8 states collected samples in 2003-2005, and all were analyzed together, in random order, in 2006.
(a) 599 samples (533 soils and 66 sediments) were collected across northern California as part of a joint USGS, California Geological Survey project;
(b) 33 samples left over from the States 2002 and 2003 datasets (above), collected across Indiana as part of a joint USGS-Indiana Geological Survey project, were analyzed;
(c) 170 samples (126 soils and 44 stream sediments) were collected from Kansas as part of a joint USGS, Kansas Geological Survey project;
(d) 242 stream sediment samples were collected across Missouri and part of a joint USGS, Missouri Dept. Natural Resources study;
(e) 294 soil samples were collected in North Dakota by the North Dakota Geological Survey as part of a statewide study (see the States 2003 and 2004 datasets);
(f) 65 stream sediment samples were collected in western New York by a USGS team;
(g) 446 samples (half soils, half stream sediments) were collected across Oregon as part of a joint USGS, Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries study;
(h) 360 samples (309 soils, 51 stream sediments) were collected in central Texas as part of a joint USGS, Texas Bureau of Economic Geology study;
All samples were analyzed by the ICP40, As, Se, and Hg methods, as well as by a fire-assay method for Au, Pd, and Pt.
Process_Date: 2005
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: States 2005
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Field parties from 16 states collected samples between 2001 and 2006, and all were analyzed together, in random order, in 2006.
(a) 88 samples (85 soils, 3 stream sediments) were collected across Arkansas as part of a joint USGS, Arkansas Geological Commission study;
(b) 59 soil samples were collected from wetlands in Iowa by the Iowa Geological Survey;
(c) 7 samples left over from the States 2002 and 2003 datasets (above) from Illinois were analyzed;
(d) 88 samples (half soils and half stream sediments) were collected from Kansas as part of a joint USGS, Kansas Geological Survey project;
(e) 1 stream sediment from Maine was analyzed, beginning a joint USGS, Maine Geological Survey project;
(f) 583 samples (all but 2 are soils) were collected across Minnesota as part of a joint USGS, Minnesota Geological Survey study;
(g) 309 stream sediment samples were collected across Missouri and part of a joint USGS, Missouri Dept. Natural Resources study;
(h) 11 soil samples were collected in North Dakota by the North Dakota Geological Survey as part of a statewide study (see the States 2003 and 2004 datasets);
(i) 80 soils and 5 stream sediments were collected in Nebraska as part of a joint USGS-State of Nebraska project;
(j) 24 stream sediment and soil samples were collected in Long Island, New York by a USGS team;
(k) 35 soils plus 1 stream sediment were collected in Ohio as part of a joint USGS, Ohio DNR study;
(l) 308 samples (76 soils, 308 stream sediments) were collected across Oregon as part of a joint USGS, Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries study;
(m) 78 stream sediments were collected in Pennsylvania as part of a joint USGS, Penn. Geological Survey study;
(n) 38 soils and stream sediments were collected in Tennessee as part of a joint USGS, Tenn. Division of Geology study;
(o) 22 samples were collected across Washington State as part of a joint USGS, Washington DNR Division of Geology & Earth Resources study;
(p) 3 samples were collected from Wisconsin, completing a joint USGS, Wisconsis Geological & Natural History Survey study (see States 2004);
All samples were analyzed by the ICP40, As, Se, and Hg methods, as well as by a fire-assay method for Au, Pd, and Pt.
Process_Date: 2006
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: States 2006a
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Field parties from 16 states collected samples between 2001 and 2006, and all were analyzed together, in random order, in 2006.
(a) 42 samples (39 soils, 3 stream sediments) were collected across Arkansas as part of a joint USGS, Arkansas Geological Commission study;
(b) 20 samples (17 soils and 3 sediments) were collected across northern California as part of a joint USGS, California Geological Survey project;
(c) 351 samples (312 soils and 39 stream sediments) were collected from Kansas as part of a joint USGS, Kansas Geological Survey project;
(d) 76 samples were collected in an area of northern Kentucky not covered by the NURE program as part of a joint USGS, Kentucky Geological Survey study;
(e) 165 stream sediments from northern Maine were analyzed, completing a joint USGS, Maine Geological Survey project;
(f) 230 samples (all but 3 are soils) were collected across Minnesota, mostly completing a joint USGS, Minnesota Geological Survey study;
(g) 24 stream sediment samples were collected across Missouri and part of a joint USGS, Missouri Dept. Natural Resources study, were analyzed;
(h) 10 remaining soil samples collected in North Dakota by the North Dakota Geological Survey as part of a statewide study (see the States 2003 and 2004 datasets);
(i) 95 soils and 1 stream sediment were collected in Nebraska as part of a joint USGS-State of Nebraska project;
(j) 49 samples (9 soils, 40 stream sediments) were collected across Oregon as part of a joint USGS, Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries study;
(k) 30 samples (29 soils, 1 stream sediment) were collected in central Texas as part of a joint USGS, Texas Bureau of Economic Geology study;
(l) 18 soil samples were collected across Washington State as part of a joint USGS, Washington DNR Division of Geology & Earth Resources study;
(m) 1 stream sediment sample was collected from Wisconsin, completing a joint USGS, Wisconsis Geological & Natural History Survey study (see States 2004);
All samples were analyzed by the ICP40, As, Se, and Hg methods, as well as by a fire-assay method for Au, Pd, and Pt.
Process_Date: 2006
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: States 2006b
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Coordinates corrected for samples with labno C-277186 and C-277197 by Jeff Grossman
Process_Date: 20080225
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Field parties in 9 states plus Guam, the Northern Marianas
Islands, and the Federated States of Micronesia collected samples
between 2004 and 2007, and all were analyzed together, in random
order, in 2008. (a) 19 sediment and soil samples were collected in
the Bristol Bay area, Alaska, by USGS geologists; (b) 36 soil
samples were collected in southern Louisiana by USGS geologists;
(c) 269 samples of glacial till were collected across Minnesota,
with a few in adjacent parts of Manitoba and Ontario, Canada, as
part of a joint USGS, Minnesota Geological Survey study; (d) 239
soils and 3 stream sediment samples were collected in Nebraska as
part of a joint USGS-State of Nebraska project; (e) 159 soils plus
8 stream sediment samples were collected in Ohio as part of a
joint USGS, Ohio DNR study; (f) 213 soils plus 14 stream sediments
were collected in Pennsylvania as part of a joint USGS, Penn.
Geological Survey study; (g) 584 soils samples were collected in
South Dakota as part of a joint USGS-South Dakota Geological
Survey project; (h) 6 soils and 119 stream sediments were
collected in Tennessee as part of a joint USGS, Tenn. Division of
Geology study; (i) 28 soils and 33 stream sediments were collected
in northeastern Utah by a team of USGS geologists; (j) 59 samples,
mostly soils, were collected by USGS geologists on Pacific
islands: 46 were from the territory of Guam; 4 were from Saipan, 3
from Tinian, and 3 from Rota in the Northern Marianas Islands; 4
were from Pohnpei in the Federated States of Micronesia.
Process_Date: 200809
