1. Mineral Resources
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Sediment-hosted zinc-lead deposits of the world

Frequently anticipated questions:

• What does this data set describe?
  1. How might this data set be cited?
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
• Who produced the data set?
  1. Who are the originators of the data set?
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
• Why was the data set created?
• How was the data set created?
  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
• How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?
  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the data, including topology?
• How can someone get a copy of the data set?
  1. Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
  2. Who distributes the data?
  3. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  4. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
  5. How can I download or order the data?
• Who wrote the metadata?

What does this data set describe?

1. How might this data set be cited?
   Singer, Donald A., Berger, Vladimir I., and Moring, Barry C., 2009, Sediment-hosted zinc-lead deposits of the world: Open-File Report 2009-1252, Geological Survey (U.S.), Menlo Park, California.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091252
   • https://mrdata.usgs.gov/sedznpb/
   • https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1252/

2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

   West_Bounding_Coordinate: -163.190278
   East_Bounding_Coordinate: 174.339167
   North_Bounding_Coordinate: 83.078611
   South_Bounding_Coordinate: -47.424167
   

3. What does it look like?
4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

   Calendar_Date: 2009

   Currentness_Reference:

   publication date

5. What is the general form of this data set?

6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
   1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Entity point (506)
   2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.0001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.0001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is World Geodetic System 1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS 84.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257.
      
7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

   main

   General descriptive information about the deposit (Source: USGS)

   rec_id

   Record ID.

   A distinct numerical identifier for the database record without further scientific significance, assigned by the data manager of mrdata.usgs.gov. Integer values. Int of width 4. (Source: this data release)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1
   Maximum:	506
   Resolution:	1

   depname

   Deposit name.

   The most recent deposit name Textual values of no more than 31 characters. (Source: this data release) Textual values of no more than 31 characters.

   altname

   Other names.

   Alternative names that have been used for the deposit. Textual values of no more than 30 characters. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)	Information not available for this record. 409 records have no value for altname.

   includes

   Includes.

   The names of deposits that have been combined with the primary deposit as a result of the two-kilometer minimum separation rule. Textual values of no more than 96 characters. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)	Information not available for this record. 448 records have no value for includes.

   country

   Country.

   Name of the country where the deposit occurs. Textual values of no more than 28 characters. (Source: this data release) Textual values of no more than 28 characters.

   stprov

   State or province.

   State or province, if known, where the deposit occurs. Textual values of no more than 38 characters. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)	Information not available for this record. 162 records have no value for stprov.

   cntrycd

   Country code.

   Coded abbreviation combining the country and state or province Textual values of no more than 4 characters. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   AGTN	Afghanistan
   ALGR	Algeria
   ASTR	Austria
   AUNS	Australia: New South Wales
   AUNT	Australia: Northern Territory
   AUQL	Australia: Queensland
   AUSA	Australia: South Australia
   AUTS	Australia: Tasmania
   AUWA	Australia: Western Australia
   AZAN	Azerbaijan
   BLGM	Belgium
   BONA	Bosnia
   BRZL	Brazil
   BULG	Bulgaria
   CILE	Chile
   CINA	China
   CNBC	Canada, British Columbia
   CNNF	Canada, Newfoundland
   CNNS	Canada, Nova Scotia
   CNNT	Canada, Northwest Territory
   CNNU	Canada, Nunavut
   CNON	Canada, Ontario
   CNQU	Canada, Quebec
   CNSK	Canada, Saskatchewan
   CNYT	Canada, Yukon Territory
   COPR	Congo, People's Republic
   CUBA	Cuba
   DRCO	Democratic Republic of the Congo
   EGPT	Egypt
   FNLD	Finland
   FRNC	France
   GABN	Gabon
   GREC	Greece
   GRLD	Greenland
   GRMY	Germany
   HNDR	Honduras
   INDA	India
   INDS	Indonesia
   IRAN	Iran
   IRLD	Ireland
   ITLY	Italy
   JAPN	Japan
   KAZN	Kazakhstan
   KYRZ	Kyrgyzstan
   MACA	Macedonia
   MNGL	Mongolia
   MRCO	Morrocco
   MXCO	Mexico
   NEPL	Nepal
   NKOR	North Korea
   NMBA	Namibia
   NRWY	Norway
   NULL	(unknown or unspecified)
   NZLD	New Zealand
   PERU	Peru
   PKTN	Pakistan
   PLND	Poland
   PLPN	Phillippines
   RMNA	Romania
   RUSA	Russia
   SAAR	Saudi Arabia
   SAFR	South Africa
   SKOR	South Korea
   SLOA	Slovenia
   SPAN	Spain
   SRBA	Serbia
   SUDN	Sudan
   SWDN	Sweden
   TAJN	Tajikistan
   THLD	Thailand
   TRKY	Turkey
   TUNS	Tunisia
   UKSC	United Kingdom, Scotland
   USAK	United States, Alaska
   USAR	United States, Arkansas
   USAZ	United States, Arizona
   USCA	United States, California
   USCO	United States, Colorado
   USID	United States, Idaho
   USIL	United States, Illinois
   USKY	United States, Kentucky
   USMO	United States, Missouri
   USNJ	United States, New Jersey
   USNM	United States, New Mexico
   USNV	United States, Nevada
   USNY	United States, New York
   USPA	United States, Pennsylvania
   USTN	United States, Tennessee
   USUT	United States, Utah
   USVA	United States, Virginia
   USWA	United States, Washington
   USWI	United States, Wisconsin
   UZBN	Uzbekistan
   ZMBA	Zambia

   latitude

   Latitude.

   Geographic latitude in decimal degrees, datum WGS84. South is negative, north positive. Real numbers stored in double precision. (Source: this data release)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	-47.4241666666667
   Maximum:	83.0786111111111
   Units:	decimal degrees

   latdeg

   Latitude degrees.

   Degrees of latitude Integer values. Int of width 3. (Source: this data release)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	-47
   Maximum:	83
   Units:	degrees
   Resolution:	1

   latmin

   Latitude minutes.

   Minutes of latitude Integer values. Int of width 2. (Source: this data release)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	-58
   Maximum:	59
   Units:	minutes
   Resolution:	1

   latsec

   Latitude seconds.

   Seconds of latitude Integer values. Int of width 2. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)	Information not available for this record. 1 records have no value for latsec.

   Range of values
   Minimum:	-58
   Maximum:	59
   Units:	seconds
   Resolution:	1

   longitude

   Longitude.

   Geographic longitude in decimal degrees, datum WGS84. West is negative, east positive. Real numbers stored in double precision. (Source: this data release)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	-163.190277777778
   Maximum:	174.339166666667
   Units:	decimal degrees

   londeg

   Longitude degrees.

   Degrees of lontitude Integer values. Int of width 4. (Source: this data release)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	-163
   Maximum:	174
   Units:	degrees
   Resolution:	1

   lonmin

   Longitude minutes.

   Minutes of longitude Integer values. Int of width 2. (Source: this data release)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	-59
   Maximum:	59
   Units:	minutes
   Resolution:	1

   lonsec

   Longitude seconds.

   Seconds of longitude Integer values. Int of width 2. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)	Information not available for this record. 2 records have no value for lonsec.

   Range of values
   Minimum:	-59
   Maximum:	59
   Units:	seconds
   Resolution:	1

   oreton

   Ore tonnage.

   Total tons of ore based on total production, reserves, and resources at the lowest possible cutoff grade, in millions of metric tons. Real numbers stored in double precision. (Source: this data release)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	912
   Units:	million metric tons

   zngrd

   Zinc grade.

   Average grade of zinc for the deposit, as percent of metal in ore. Zero value means the grade (always for byproducts) was unavailable. Real numbers stored in double precision. (Source: this data release)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	33
   Units:	percent

   pbgrd

   Lead grade.

   Average grade of lead for the deposit, as percent of metal in ore. Zero value means the grade (always for byproducts) was unavailable. Real numbers stored in double precision. (Source: this data release)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	24
   Units:	percent

   cugrd

   Copper grade.

   Average grade of copper for the deposit, as percent of metal in ore. Zero value means the grade (always for byproducts) was unavailable. Real numbers stored in double precision. (Source: this data release)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	10
   Units:	percent

   aggrd

   Silver grade.

   Average grade of silver for the deposit, as grams per metric ton of ore. Zero value means the grade (always for byproducts) was unavailable. Real numbers stored in double precision. (Source: this data release)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	1400
   Units:	grams per metric ton

   augrd

   Gold grade.

   Average grade of gold for the deposit, as grams per metric ton of ore. Zero value means the grade (always for byproducts) was unavailable. Real numbers stored in double precision. (Source: this data release)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	10
   Units:	grams per metric ton

   deptype

   Type of deposit.

   Classification of the deposit using a system new to this report using the observed rocks reported in maps rather than characteristics that are frequently unobservable in yet-to-be discovered deposits. Textual values of no more than 7 characters. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   CAam	Carbonate-hosted amagmatic
   SHam	Shale-hosted amagmatic
   MLig	Mixed-lithology igneous
   SSPb	Sand-stone-hosted Lead
   CAig	Carbonate-hosted igneous
   CAme	Carbonate-hosted metamorphic
   Kipuchi	Kipuchi-type
   Shig	Shale-hosted igneous
   MLme	Mixed-lithology metamorphic

   prevtype

   Previous type.

   Classification of the deposit given in previous literature according to the most common reporting of the deposits into skarns (ZnSkarn), polymetallic replacements (POLYREPL), Mississippi Valley Zn-Pb (MVT), Sedimentary-exhalative Zn-Pb (SEDEX), sandstone-hosted Pb (SSPb), and Kipushi (Kipushi) types. Textual values of no more than 11 characters. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   SEDEX	sedimentary exhalative deposit
   MVT	Mississippi Valley Type deposit
   ZnSkarn	Zinc skarn deposit
   POLYREPL	Polymetallic replacement deposit
   SSPb	Sandstone-hosted lead deposit
   Kipushi	Kipushi-type volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit
   SEDEX, MVT?	Either sedimentary exhalative deposit or Mississippi Valley Type, likely the former
   SEDEX,	sedimentary exhalative deposit
   SEDEX; MVT	Either sedimentary exhalative deposit or Mississippi Valley Type

   depage

   Age of deposit.

   Age of the deposit expressed using standard divisions of geologic time or in millions of years, when available. Textual values of no more than 68 characters. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)	Information not available for this record. 113 records have no value for depage.

   agemy

   Age.

   Age of the deposit in millions of years before the present based on reported absolute (typically thermal dates) ages or midpoints of geologic time scale units. Real numbers stored in double precision. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)	Information not available for this record. 140 records have no value for agemy.

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	2600
   Units:	million years

   deplength

   Deposit length.

   Length in km of the major axis of the ellipse that best fits the shape of the ore body projected in two dimensions to the surface. Textual values of no more than 18 characters. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)	Information not available for this record. 338 records have no value for deplength.

   depwidth

   Deposit width.

   Length in km of the minor axis of the ellipse that best fits the shape of the ore body projected in two dimensions to the surface. Real numbers stored in double precision. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)	Information not available for this record. 384 records have no value for depwidth.

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.012
   Maximum:	35
   Units:	km

   depthick

   Deposit thick.

   Thickness of the ore body in meters where known. Textual values of no more than 16 characters. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)	Information not available for this record. 416 records have no value for depthick.

   orearea

   Area of orebody.

   Estimated area of the ore body, modeled as an ellipse, given in square km. Real numbers stored in double precision. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)	Information not available for this record. 154 records have no value for orearea.

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	10000
   Units:	sq km

   altarea

   Alteration area.

   Estimated area of the alteration zone around the mineral deposit, modeled as an ellipse, given in square km. Real numbers stored in double precision. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)	Information not available for this record. 489 records have no value for altarea.

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.13
   Maximum:	23.6
   Units:	sq km

   altwidth

   Alteration width.

   Length in km of the minor axis of the ellipse that best fits the shape of the alteration zone projected in two dimensions to the surface. Real numbers stored in double precision. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)	Information not available for this record. 491 records have no value for altwidth.

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.2
   Maximum:	4
   Units:	km

   altlength

   Alteration length.

   Length in km of the major axis of the ellipse that best fits the shape of the alteration zone projected in two dimensions to the surface. Real numbers stored in double precision. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)	Information not available for this record. 490 records have no value for altlength.

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.45
   Maximum:	10
   Units:	km

   hostrock

   Host rock.

   Type of rocks hosting the ore body, in the same terms used in published maps and reports, listed alphabetically without regard for their relative thickness. Textual values of no more than 250 characters. (Source: this data release) Textual values of no more than 250 characters.

   hostthick

   Host RockThickness.

   Thickness in meters of the host rock unit. Textual values of no more than 14 characters. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)	Information not available for this record. 211 records have no value for hostthick.

   hostdeform

   Host Rock Deformation.

   Deformation of the host rocks. Textual values of no more than 81 characters. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)	Information not available for this record. 181 records have no value for hostdeform.

   hostmeta

   Host rock metamorphism.

   Metamorphism of the host rocks. Textual values of no more than 189 characters. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)	Information not available for this record. 215 records have no value for hostmeta.

   rockunder

   Rock underlying.

   Type of rocks underlying the host rock. Textual values of no more than 187 characters. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)	Information not available for this record. 221 records have no value for rockunder.

   underthick

   Underlying rock thickness.

   Thickness of the underlying rock unit. Textual values of no more than 11 characters. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)	Information not available for this record. 340 records have no value for underthick.

   rockover

   Rock overlying.

   Type of rocks overlying the host rock. Textual values of no more than 146 characters. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)	Information not available for this record. 227 records have no value for rockover.

   overthick

   Overlying rock thickness.

   Thickness of the overlying rock unit. Textual values of no more than 10 characters. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)	Information not available for this record. 320 records have no value for overthick.

   ignrelrock

   Igneous relatedt rocks.

   Igneous rocks and their ages are recorded if the event may be as young or younger than the mineral deposit. Thin layers of ash are recorded in the host-rock field rather than here. Textual values of no more than 184 characters. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)	Information not available for this record. 199 records have no value for ignrelrock.

   discont

   Discontinuity.

   Either disconformities between parallel host-rock strata or angular unconformities in the host rocks. Textual values of no more than 86 characters. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)	Information not available for this record. 380 records have no value for discont.

   ndiscont

   Number of discontinuities.

   Number of discontinuities in the host rocks. In some cases, the number or kind of discontinuity was not reported in the literature, but the presence or absence was reported. For these cases, we use a simple yes or no. Textual values of no more than 4 characters. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)	Information not available for this record. 459 records have no value for ndiscont.

   tectset

   Tectonostratigraphic setting.

   The age and general tectonic setting of the deposit. Textual values of no more than 255 characters. (Source: this data release) Textual values of no more than 255 characters.

   dep5km

   Other deposits within 5km.

   Listing of other deposits by type that are within 5 km of the subject deposit. Each deposit type is coded as the deposit-type number and deposit type as listed in USGS Bulletins 1693 (Cox and Singer, 1986) and 2004 (Bliss, 1992). Textual values of no more than 46 characters. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)	Information not available for this record. 285 records have no value for dep5km.

   dep5km10km

   Other deposits between 5km and 10km.

   Listing of other deposits by type that are between 5 and 10 km of the subject deposit. Each deposit type is coded as the deposit-type number and deposit type as listed in USGS Bulletins 1693 (Cox and Singer, 1986) and 2004 (Bliss, 1992). Textual values of no more than 44 characters. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)	Information not available for this record. 372 records have no value for dep5km10km.

   startdate

   Startup date.

   Date mining of the deposit began, if this is know. Textual values of no more than 30 characters. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)	Information not available for this record. 258 records have no value for startdate.

   discdate

   Discovery date.

   Date the deposit was discovered, where this is known. Textual values of no more than 30 characters. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)	Information not available for this record. 202 records have no value for discdate.

   comments

   Comments.

   Supplementary information about incompletely explored deposits and some grades, such as Co, when available. Textual values of no more than 255 characters. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   (no value)	Information not available for this record. 71 records have no value for comments.

   minerals

   Mineralogy of the deposit as reported in scientific literature (Source: USGS)

   rec_id

   Record ID.

   Numerical identifier for the deposit, matches a value in main:rec_id Integer values. Int of width 4. (Source: this data release)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1
   Maximum:	506
   Resolution:	1

   value

   Mineralogy.

   Name of minerals reported as present in the deposit, without regard for their abundance. Most rock-forming minerals, such as feldspar, calcite, and quartz, are not included. Some variants of rock forming minerals that may be related to mineralization or alteration, such as Ag calcite, are included. Textual values of no more than 44 characters. (Source: this data release) Textual values of no more than 44 characters.

   ref

   Scientific literature consulted by the authors to characterize the deposit (Source: USGS)

   rec_id

   Record ID.

   Numerical identifier for the deposit, matches a value in main:rec_id Integer values. Int of width 4. (Source: this data release)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1
   Maximum:	506
   Resolution:	1

   value

   References.

   Papers and web sites that were used to describe the deposit. In a few cases unpublished sources were used. Textual values of no more than 255 characters. (Source: this data release) Textual values of no more than 255 characters.

   datadxny

   Data dictionary, explaining tables and fields (Source: USGS)

   id

   Record ID.

   Row identifier within datadxny table Integer values. Integer of width 4. (Source: this data release)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1
   Maximum:	72

   tblorder

   Table order.

   Order in which this table should appear in some presentations Integer values. Integer of width 4. (Source: this data release)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1
   Maximum:	4

   tblname

   Table name.

   Name of the table Textual values of no more than 20 characters. (Source: this data release) Textual values of no more than 20 characters.

   number

   Ordinal position.

   Order in which this field occurs in the RDBMS Integer values. Integer of width 4. (Source: this data release)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1
   Maximum:	49

   label

   Field label.

   Label of the field in the RDBMS Textual values of no more than 32 characters. (Source: this data release) Textual values of no more than 32 characters.

   category

   Category.

   General category of information provided by the contents of the field Textual values of no more than 50 characters. (Source: this data release) Textual values of no more than 50 characters.

   short_desc

   Short description.

   Descriptive name of the field used in some presentations, not constrained by rules affecting the label Textual values of no more than 40 characters. (Source: this data release) Textual values of no more than 40 characters.

   description

   Description.

   Longer description of the purpose and contents of the field Textual values of no more than 4096 characters. (Source: this data release) Textual values of no more than 4096 characters.

   link

   Link.

   URL providing more information about the field Textual values of no more than 96 characters. (Source: this data release) No records have a value for this field.

   origin

   Origin of field.

   Abbreviation of an organization, data set, or other entity responsible for defining the field Textual values of no more than 12 characters. (Source: this data release) No records have a value for this field.

   sqltype

   SQL type.

   Data type of the field as used in the RDBMS Textual values of no more than 8 characters. (Source: this data release) Textual values of no more than 8 characters.

   dbftype

   DBF field type.

   Data type of the field when expressed in DBF Textual values of no more than 1 characters. (Source: this data release)

   Value	Definition
   C	character data
   N	numeric data

   width

   Field width.

   Field width when expressed in DBF Integer values. Integer of width 4. (Source: this data release)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1
   Maximum:	4096

   prec

   Precision.

   Precision of the field (places to right of decimal) when expressed in DBF, only for numeric fields Integer values. Integer of width 4. (Source: this data release)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	6

   units

   Units of measure.

   Units of measure of the field values Textual values of no more than 64 characters. (Source: this data release) Textual values of no more than 64 characters.

Who produced the data set?

1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
   • Singer, Donald A.
   • Berger, Vladimir I.
   • Moring, Barry C.
2. Who also contributed to the data set?
3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
   Donald A Singer

   USGS WR SW GD

   USGS Volunteer

   345 Middlefield Road$Mail Stop 901

   Menlo Park, CA
   

   USA

   650-329-5370 (voice)

   650-329-5405 (FAX)

   dsinger@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

Facilitate assessment of undiscovered mineral resources where the geologic and mineralogic information available is limited to what is commonly contained in a well constructed geologic map.

How was the data set created?

1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

   Date: 2009 (process 1 of 3)

   Dataset authors gathered information from previously published reports.

   Deposits selected

   A mineral deposit is a mineral occurrence of sufficient size and grade that might, under the most favorable circumstances, be considered to have economic potential (Cox, Barton, and Singer, 1986). Deposits sharing a relatively wide variety and large number of attributes are characterized as a “type,” and a model representing that type can be developed. Sediment-hosted Zn-Pb deposits are hosted in a variety of sedimentary rocks and have commonly been classified into skarns, polymetallic replacements, Mississippi Valley Zn-Pb (MVT), Sedimentary-exhalative Zn-Pb (SEDEX), sandstone-hosted Pb, Kipushi, and polymetallic vein types. Some of these types have been further subdivided by various authors (Allen, 2003). In this study we include all of these types except polymetallic vein deposits because of their relatively small size.

   Spatial rules used

   An important consideration at the data gathering stage is the question of what the sampling unit should be. Grade and tonnage data are available to varying degrees for districts, deposits, mines, and shafts. For the deposits in this file, the following rule was used to determine which ore bodies were combined. All mineralized rock or alteration within two kilometers was combined into one deposit for these deposits. Thus, if the alteration zones of two deposits are within two kilometers of each other, they were combined. Such an operational spatial rule is necessary for defining deposits because we must be able to classify deposits in regions with highly variable geologic information and to avoid bias in estimating undiscovered deposits in resource assessments in areas where detailed information is lacking, such as under cover. The two-kilometer rule was developed to try to insure that deposits in grade and tonnage and spatial density models correspond to deposits as geologic entities. Rules, such as the two-kilometer rule applied here, are essential in order to have an internally consistent assessment system where the estimated number of undiscovered deposits is consistent with the grade and tonnage model. Data sources produced in this process:

   • USGS OFR 2009-1252

   Date: 21-Sep-2009 (process 2 of 3)

   Metadata record created by report authors, using ArcGIS metadata editor. Person who carried out this activity:
   

   US Geological Survey

   Attn: Barry Moring

   Geologist

   345 Middlefield Rd. MS 901

   Menlo Park, CA.
   

   USA

   650.329.5360 (voice)

   moring@usgs.gov

   Data sources produced in this process:

   • https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1252/SedZn-Pb_meta.txt

   Date: 21-Jan-2021 (process 3 of 3)

   Metadata edited to improve completeness and consistency, updating keywords, links, and some contact information. Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Peter N Schweitzer

   USGS Geology, Energy, and Minerals Science Center

   Geologist

   Mail Stop 954

   12201 Sunrise Valley Dr

   Reston, VA
   

   USA

   703-648-6533 (voice)

   703-648-6252 (FAX)

   pschweitzer@usgs.gov

3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

1. How well have the observations been checked?
   
2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
   All deposit locations have been checked by comparison with GoogleEarth imagery. Many deposits have locations in these files that are substantially different than published locations as a result. Generally location is intended to plot within the alteration zone of deposit which may be kilometers across.
3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
   
4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
   Sediment-hosted Zn-Pb deposits are hosted in a variety of sedimentary rocks and have commonly been classified into skarns, polymetallic replacements, Mississippi Valley Zn-Pb (MVT), Sedimentary-exhalative Zn-Pb (SEDEX), sandstone-hosted Pb, Kipushi, and polymetallic vein types. Some of these types have been further subdivided by various authors (Allen, 2003). In this study we include all of these types except polymetallic vein deposits because of their relatively small size.
5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
   Information here is derived from many previously published sources. Corrections in locations were made by consulting commonly available imagery in web services such as Google Earth.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints: none
Use_Constraints: none

1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
   
   Peter N Schweitzer

   USGS Geology, Energy, and Minerals Science Center

   Geologist

   12201 Sunrise Valley Drive

   Reston, VA
   

   USA

   703-648-6533 (voice)

   703-648-6252 (FAX)

   pschweitzer@usgs.gov
2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? USGS Open File Report 2009-1252
3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

   This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards (or with the North American Stratigraphic Code). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

4. How can I download or order the data?
   • Availability in digital form:

     Data format:	Simple shapefile with a URL to full site report, with all attribute data as CSV tables in format Shapefile (version 1.0) Size: 0.3
     Network links:	https://mrdata.usgs.gov/sedznpb/sedznpb-csv.zip

     Data format:	Attribute data for mineral deposit locations in format CSV (version 1.0) Size: 0.3
     Network links:	https://mrdata.usgs.gov/sedznpb/sedznpb-csv.zip

     Data format:	Mineral deposit locations with site characteristics in format Filemaker Pro (version 7)
     Network links:	https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1252/SedZn-Pb.fp7

     Data format:	Mineral deposit locations with site characteristics in format XLS (version 8)
     Network links:	https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1252/SedZn-PbEX2009.xls

     Data format:	Deposit locations and characteristics in format WMS (version 1.3.0)
     Network links:	https://mrdata.usgs.gov/services/sedznpb?request=getcapabilities&service=WMS&version=1.3.0&

     Data format:	Deposit locations and minimal descriptive information in format WFS (version 1.0.0)
     Network links:	https://mrdata.usgs.gov/wfs/sedznpb?request=getcapabilities&service=WFS&version=1.0.0&

   • Cost to order the data: none

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:

Last modified: 21-Jan-2021

Metadata author:

Peter N Schweitzer

USGS Geology, Energy, and Minerals Science Center

Geologist

12201 Sunrise Valley Drive

Reston, VA

USA

703-648-6533 (voice)

703-648-6252 (FAX)

pschweitzer@usgs.gov

Metadata standard:

Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)