Bayan Obo (Baotou) (Record #9) rare-earth element deposit in Inner Mongolia, China

Country	China
State or province	Inner Mongolia
Geographic location:	109.966667, 41.75
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Deposit type	Carbonatite
Age of deposit	Middle Proterozoic-- 1580 Ma
REE minerals	bastnäsite monazite aeschynite allanite apatite parisite huanghoite fergusonite fersmite xenotime daqingshanite cordylite carbocernaite chevkinite britholite
Ore minerals	magnetite hematite fluorite apatite barite niobium rutile columbite martite pyrochlore pyrite anatase
Gangue minerals	dolomite quartz calcite feldspar arfvedsonite phlogopite aegirine riebeckite biotite
Host rock types	dolomite trachyte fenite

Geologic map unit	109.96666666667, 41.75
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Status	Current producer
Resource estimates	750 Mt @ 4.1% REO 48 Mt @ 6% REO, 15000 Mt @ 35% Fe 800 Mt @ 6% REO (1990) 36 Mt REO

Bibliographic references

Singer, D.A., 1998, Revised grade and tonnage model of carbonatite deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-0235, 7 p.
Drew, L.J., Qingrun, M., and Weijun, S., 1990, The Bayan Obo iron - rare-earth -niobium deposits, Innder Mongolia, China: Lithos, v. 26, p. 43-65.
Castor, S.B., 1994, Rare earth minerals, in Carr, D.D., ed., Industrial minerals and rocks, 6th edition: Littleton, Colorardo, Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploratin, Inc., p. 827-839.
Mariano, A.N., 1989, Economic geology of rare earth minerals, in Lipin, B.R., and McKay, G.A., eds., Geochemistry and mineralogy of the rare earth elements: Washington, D.C., Mineralogical Society of America Reviews in Mineralogy 21, p. 309-348.
Möller, P., 1989a, Rare earth mineral deposits and their industrial importance, in
Jackson, W.D., and Christiansen, Grey, 1993, International strategic minerals inventory summary report-- Rare-earth oxides: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 930-N, 68 p.
Lee, K.Y., 1970, Some rare-element mineral deposits in Mainland China: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1312-N, 34 p.
Yuan Zhongxin, Bai Ge, Wu Chenyu, Zhang Zhongqin, and Ye Xianjiang, 1992, Geological features and genesis of the Bayan Obo REE ore deposit, Inner Mongolia, China: Applied Geochemistry, v. 7 p. 429-442.
Kingsnorth, D.J., and Harries-Rees, Karne, 1993, Chinese rare earths-- The dragon has entered: Industrial Minerals, no. 310, p. 45-49.
Wu, C., Yuan, Z., and Bai, G., 1996, Rare earth deposits in China, in Jones, A.P., Wall, Frances, and Williams, C.T., eds., Rare earth minerals-- chemistry, origin and ore deposits: New York, Chapman and Hall, The Mineralogical Society Series 7, p. 281-310.
Zhang Peishan, Yang Zhuming, Tao Kejie, and Yang Zueming, 1995, Mineralogy and geology of rare earths in China: Beijing, China, Science Press, 209 p.
Zhou Zhenling, 1980, On the geological characteristics and genesis of the dolomitic carbonatites at Bayan Obo, Nei Mongal, Inner Mongolia: Geological Society of China, Beijing, Dizhi Lunping-Geological Review, v. 26, no. 1, p. 35-41.
Chao, E.C.T., Minkin, J.A., Back, J.M., Erickson, R.L., Drew, L.J., Okita, P.M., McKee, E.H., Conrad, J.E., Turrin, B., Tatsumoto, M., Wand, Junwen, Edwards, C.A., Buden, R.V., Hou, Zonglin, Ren, Yingzhen, Meng, Qingren, and Sun, Weijun, 1989, Epigenetic hydrothermal-metasomatic origin of the Bayan Obo Fe-Nb-REE ore deposit of Inner Mongolia, China [abs.]: International Geological Congress Abstracts 28, v. 1, p. 1.262.
Yuan Zhongxin, Bai Ge, and Zhang Zhongqin, 2000, Trachytic rock and associated fenitization in the Bayan Obo ore deposit, Inner Mongolia, China: Evidence for magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization related to a carbonatitic complex: Acta Geologica Sinica, v. 74, no. 2, p. 148-153.

Bayan Obo (Baotou)

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